Administrative reorganization - gyoseisei-ri

This refers to personnel reductions of public servants to downsize the administrative organization. In addition to restricting hiring and encouraging resignations, disciplinary dismissals are also used. Reasons for disciplinary dismissals include "when a position is abolished or overstaffed due to the abolition or revision of the government system or staff quota, or a reduction in the budget" (Article 78, Paragraph 4, of the National Public Service Law) and "when a position is abolished or overstaffed due to the abolition or revision of the system or staff quota, or a reduction in the budget" (Article 28, Paragraph 1, Paragraph 4, of the Local Public Service Law). Disciplinary dismissals have been implemented in recent years in national public servants in conjunction with the abolition of the Social Insurance Agency and in local public servants in conjunction with the abolition of public hospitals, for example. However, questions have been raised as to whether the theory of abuse of the right to dismiss in the private sector can be inferred, and whether the government as a whole, in addition to personnel authorities, has an obligation to avoid disciplinary dismissals. In addition, since the reduction in staff quotas is targeted at regular employees, outsourcing and replacement with non-regular employees are occurring, and questions are being asked about what public servants should be responsible for in administrative organizations.

[Osamu Araki February 18, 2022]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

行政の組織を縮小するために行われる公務員の人員整理をいう。採用の抑制、退職の勧奨のほか、分限免職処分が行われる。分限免職の事由として、「官制若(も)しくは定員の改廃又は予算の減少により廃職又は過員を生じた場合」（国家公務員法78条4号）、「職制若しくは定数の改廃又は予算の減少により廃職又は過員を生じた場合」（地方公務員法28条1項4号）が定められている。分限免職処分は、近年、国家公務員では社会保険庁の廃止、地方公務員ではたとえば公立病院の廃止などに伴い実施されているが、民間における解雇権濫用法理を類推できないか、人事権者のほか政府全体として分限免職を回避する義務はないのか、などが問われている。また、定員の削減が正規職員を対象に行われることで、アウトソーシングや非正規の職員への代替が生じていることから、行政の組織で公務員が担当すべきことは何かも問われている。

［荒木　修　2022年2月18日］

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