…When a homogeneous system is divided into two or more phases by lowering the temperature, it becomes heterogeneous. When the separated phases remain stable, it is called phase separation. In addition to names such as gas phase and solid phase, the phase of a magnetic material that has magnetization even in the absence of an external magnetic field is called a ferromagnetic phase, and the phase in which the electrical resistance becomes zero at low temperatures is called a superconducting phase. Liquid crystals are also classified into cholesteric phase, nematic phase, smectic phase, etc. depending on the arrangement of the constituent molecules. The transition of a system from one phase to another due to changes in temperature, pressure, or other thermodynamic parameters is called a phase transition. … *Some of the terminology that refers to the "ferromagnetic phase" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…均一系が温度を下げたりすることによって二つまたはそれ以上の相に分かれて不均一になることを相分離,分離した相がそのまま安定に存在することを相平衡という。気相,固相などの呼び方のほかにも磁性体で外部磁場がないにもかかわらず磁化をもつ場合の相を強磁性相,また低温で電気抵抗が0になる相を超伝導相と呼んだりし,このほか液晶もその構成分子の配列の仕方によってコレステリック相,ネマティック相,スメクティック相などに区分される。なお,系が温度や圧力,その他の熱力学パラメーターの変化に伴ってある相から他の相に移ることは相転移と呼ばれる。… ※「強磁性相」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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