It is the capital of the state of South Australia, Australia. With an area of 1,827 square kilometres and a population of 1,072,585 (2001), it is the fifth largest city in the country. The metropolitan population is 1,083,100 (1997). It is located on the alluvial lowlands of the Torrens River, facing Gulf St. Vincent, with the Mount Lofty Range as its backdrop. It has a Mediterranean climate, with an average temperature of 23.0°C in the warmest month (January-February) and 11.1°C in the coldest month (July), and an annual rainfall of 531 mm. In summer, it can experience high temperatures due to heat waves from inland. The main water source is the Mount Lofty Range, but water is also pumped in from the Murray River further east. The city area spreads over 27 local municipalities, accounts for over 70% of the state's population, and as the state capital, political, economic, and cultural functions are concentrated here. Automobiles and other industries have also developed, and both employment and production account for about 80% of the state's total. There are the University of Adelaide (founded in 1874) and Flinders University (founded in 1966). Since 1960, an international arts festival has been held every other year. There is no international airport, but domestic air routes connect Adelaide to major cities. In the narrow sense of the city of Adelaide (population 17,861, 2001), which corresponds to the inner city, the grid-shaped streets built according to the urban plan at the time of the city's founding remain surrounded by green spaces. The port district Port Adelaide is located about 20 km northwest of the city center, and handles about two-thirds of the state's trade. Elizabeth, a planned new town, is located about 25 km north of the city center. Settled in 1836, it became the country's first self-governing city in 1840, and was incorporated as a city in 1919. The name comes from the British queen who was the colonizer at the time. [Tatsuya Taniuchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オーストラリア、サウス・オーストラリア州の州都。面積1827平方キロメートル、人口107万2585(2001)で人口は同国第5位の都市。都市圏人口108万3100(1997)。マウント・ロフティ山脈を背後に、セント・ビンセント湾に面したトレンズ川の沖積低地に位置する。地中海式気候で、平均気温は最暖月(1~2月)23.0℃、最寒月(7月)11.1℃、年降水量は531ミリメートル。夏季に内陸からの熱波により、高温にみまわれることがある。おもな水源はマウント・ロフティ山脈であるが、さらにその東のマリー川からも送水される。 市街地は27の地方自治体にまたがり、人口は州の7割強を占め、州都として政治、経済、文化の機能が集中する。自動車をはじめ工業も発達し、その雇用と生産額はともに州の約8割を占める。アデレード大学(1874年創立)、フリンダーズ大学(1966年創立)がある。1960年以来、隔年に国際的な芸術祭が開かれる。国際空港はないが、国内航空路が主要都市と連絡している。都心部にあたる狭義のアデレード市(人口1万7861。2001)には、開基当時の都市計画によって建設された方格状の街路が緑地に囲まれて残る。都心の北西約20キロメートルに港湾地区ポート・アデレードがあり、同州貿易額の約3分の2を扱う。また都心の北約25キロメートルには、計画的なニュータウン、エリザベスがある。1836年入植、1840年同国最初の地方自治都市、1919年市制施行。名称は入植当時のイギリス王妃に由来する。 [谷内 達] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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