Symposium (English: Symposium)

Japanese: 饗宴 - きょうえん(英語表記)Symposion
Symposium (English: Symposium)

This is one of the middle dialogues by Greek philosopher Plato. It is considered one of the gems in the history of Greek literature. It was written in the style of a victory banquet for the tragic poet Agathon, in which the attendees take turns praising Eros, the god of love. The climax of this work is in the final speech in which Socrates speaks of the "mysteries of love" he learned from the priestess Diotima, and in this speech, he likens the power of love to Eros, revealing the essence of philosophy, which is the love of wisdom (philosophia). According to this, Eros is not a beautiful god, but a spirit that connects gods and humans. The function of Eros is to love beauty, to give birth to children (in body or soul) within beautiful things, and to share in immortality. Philosophy, then, which is the acme of love, is a train of learning which begins with the beauty of the body, passes through the beauty of the soul, and finally leads to the pure contemplation of immortal beauty itself, by which one produces true virtue and shares in immortality.

[Nobuaki Kato]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシアの哲学者プラトンの中期対話篇(へん)の一つ。ギリシア文芸史上、珠玉の作品に数えられる。悲劇詩人アガトンの勝利の祝宴で参会者が順次に恋の神エロスを讃美(さんび)するという趣向で書かれている。巫女(みこ)ディオティマから学んだ「恋の秘儀」としてソクラテスの語る最終演説にこの作品のクライマックスはあり、そこに恋の力(ちから)エロスになぞらえて知恵の愛(フィロソフィア)である哲学の心髄が語り明かされている。これによれば、エロスは美しい神ではなく、神々と人の間を取り結ぶ精霊である。エロスの働きは美を愛好し、美しいものの内において(肉体、または魂における)子を生み、不死にあずかることである。そこで、恋の極致である哲学は、肉体の美から始めて、魂の美を経て、最後に不滅な美そのものの純粋な観照に至る学習の階梯(かいてい)であり、これにより、人は真実の徳を生み、不死にあずかるものとなる。

[加藤信朗]

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