Kameralwissenschaft (English: Kambougaku)

Japanese: 官房学 - かんぼうがく(英語表記)Kameralwissenschaft
Kameralwissenschaft (English: Kambougaku)
This is a systematized academic field that developed in Germany in the 17th and 18th centuries as a policy to enrich the country. The word "Cameralism" comes from the word "Kammer," which means the prince's inner palace. While English mercantilism was centered on the finances of the royal family, it was to some extent based on a national perspective, Germany did not yet have a unified nation from the 16th to the mid-18th centuries, and was divided into many large and small territories. It was a completely agricultural country, and in order to strengthen its wealth, it needed specialized experts who could grasp all aspects of national issues, including cultural aspects. This is thought to be the factor that gave rise to the unique form of "Cameralism," which is a collection of sciences related to the state, such as economic theory, economic policy, finance, administration, and technology and crafts. The dividing line between early and late chanelliology is the establishment of chairs of chanelliology at the University of Halle and the University of Frankfurt an der Oder in 1727, with representatives of the early period being J. Becher, W. Schroeder, V. Zeckendorf, and others, and representatives of the later period being J. Justi, J. Sonnenfels, and others.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
17~18世紀のドイツで富国策として発展したカメラリスムスを体系化した学問をいう。官房学ないし官房学派 Kameralismusとは,君侯の内府 Kammerからきた言葉である。イギリスの重商主義が,王室の財政中心とはいえ,ある程度まで国民的視野に立っていたのに対し,16~18世紀中頃にかけてのドイツにはまだ統一国家がなく,大小多くの領邦に分裂しており,完全な農業国で,その富強化のためには文化面も含めて国家問題の全般を掌握する特殊な専門家を必要としていた。このことが国家に関する諸科学,すなわち経済理論,経済政策,財政学,行政学,技術工芸学などの集合体たる特有の官房学を生み出した要因と考えられている。 1727年にハレ大学とフランクフルト・アン・デア・オーデル大学に官房学の講座が開設されたときを境に,通常は前期官房学と後期官房学とに分けて考えられており,前期の代表者は J.ベッヒャー,W.シュレーダー,V.ゼッケンドルフらであり,後期の代表者は J.ユスティ,J.ゾンネンフェルスらである。

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