The first treaty under the United Nations to set a framework for global warming countermeasures. Official name: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Abbreviated as UNFCCC. More than 150 countries, including Japan, signed the treaty at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) (Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 1992, and it came into force in March 1994. Based on this treaty, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) has been held annually since 1995. The main purpose of the treaty is to return greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2 ) , to the 1990 levels by the end of the 1990s, and the contracting parties are obligated to report specific measures and information on emissions to the Conference of the Parties. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the 3rd Conference of the Parties (COP3) held in Kyoto in 1997, and the Paris Agreement was adopted at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) held in Paris, France in 2015. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
国際連合のもと,地球温暖化対策の枠組みを初めて定めた条約。正式名称「気候変動に関する国際連合枠組条約」。略称 UNFCCC。1992年6月ブラジルのリオデジャネイロでの環境と開発に関する国連会議 UNCED(地球サミット)で,日本を含む 150ヵ国以上が署名し,1994年3月に発効した。この条約に基づき,1995年以降,気候変動枠組条約締約国会議 COPが毎年開催されることになった。1990年代末までに二酸化炭素 CO2をはじめとする大気中の温室効果ガスの排出量を 1990年の水準に戻すことをおもな目的とし,締約国は具体的施策や排出量などの情報を締約国会議に報告することを義務づけられた。1997年に京都で行なわれた第3回締約国会議 COP3では京都議定書が,2015年にフランスのパリで行なわれた第21回締約国会議 COP21ではパリ協定が,それぞれ採択された。
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