[What kind of disease is it?] This is a common bacterial infection that causes suppuration inside the joints. Bacteria can enter a joint due to a deep wound that reaches the joint, or bacteria can enter the bloodstream from another infection source, such as sepsis, tonsillitis, or cystitis, and then flow into the joint, causing an infection. In addition, suppurative osteomyelitis ("suppurative osteomyelitis") can spread to the joint, causing suppurative arthritis. Although rare, infection can also occur as a result of medical procedures such as draining fluid from a joint or injecting medicine into a joint. [Symptoms] Joint pain and swelling occur suddenly, along with heat and redness. Fever is often present, and chills and shivering may also occur. An infected joint can hardly be moved because any movement causes severe pain. [Testing and diagnosis] The accumulated synovial fluid is drained to detect pyogenic bacteria. Cellular components, proteins, sugars, etc. contained in the synovial fluid are also examined. A diagnosis can be made if the bacteria causing suppuration are identified, but in many cases the identity of the bacteria cannot be identified. In such cases, X-rays or MRI scans can help with the diagnosis. [Treatment] First, the patient is hospitalized, the joint is immobilized with a cast, and ice is applied. Furthermore, if the cause of the infection is identified, an antibiotic that is effective against that bacteria is administered intravenously. When suppuration has just occurred, we use an arthroscope to look inside the joint, remove as much inflammatory granulation tissue as possible, and then insert a tube to irrigate the joint with an irrigation solution containing antibiotics for about two weeks. If the condition has progressed, the joint will be cut open widely, the inflammatory granulation tissue will be removed, and a tube will be inserted to wash the joint. After that, blood tests will be performed and antibiotics will be administered intravenously or orally until the inflammation subsides. Because inflammation and the need to rest due to the cast can cause joint movement to become restricted, we will begin training to move the joint as soon as possible while monitoring the state of inflammation. When the cartilage in the joint is destroyed and inflammation has spread to the bone, in the worst case scenario, surgery to stabilize the joint (arthrodesis ("Various joint surgeries")) will be necessary. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] 一般的な細菌の感染によって、関節の中が化膿する病気です。 関節まで達する深い傷を負ったために細菌が関節に入り込んだり、敗血症(はいけつしょう)、扁桃炎(へんとうえん)、膀胱炎(ぼうこうえん)など、ほかのところの感染巣から細菌が血管に入り、それが関節に流れ込んで、感染をおこしたりします。 また、化膿性骨髄炎(かのうせいこつずいえん)(「化膿性骨髄炎」)が関節に広がって、化膿性関節炎がおこることもあります。 まれですが、関節にたまった水を抜くとか、関節に薬を注射するなどの医療行為が原因となって感染することもあります。 [症状] 関節に急激な痛みと腫(は)れがおこり、熱や赤みもみられます。発熱することも多く、寒けや震えをともなうこともあります。 化膿した関節は、動かすと痛みが強くなるので、ほとんど動かすことができません。 [検査と診断] たまった関節液を抜き、化膿菌を検出します。また、関節液に含まれる細胞成分やたんぱく質、糖分なども調べます。 化膿をおこしている菌が見つかれば診断がつきますが、菌が証明できないことも多く、その場合は、X線検査、MRI検査などが診断の手助けとなります。 [治療] まず入院して、関節をギプスで固定し、冷やします。さらに、化膿菌がわかれば、それに効く抗生物質を、点滴で使用します。 化膿がおこって間もないときは、関節鏡で関節内を見ながら、できるだけ炎症性の肉芽(にくげ)を取り除き、チューブを挿入して抗生物質を含む洗浄液で、2週間ほど洗浄を続けます。 病状が進行している場合は、関節を大きく切り開いて、炎症性肉芽を切除し、さらにチューブを挿入しての洗浄を行ないます。 その後は、血液検査を行ないながら、炎症が治まるまで、抗生物質の点滴や内服を続けます。 炎症とギプス固定による安静のために、関節の動きが悪くなるので、炎症の状態をみながら、できるだけ早く、関節を動かす訓練を始めます。 関節の軟骨が破壊されて、骨まで炎症が広がってしまっているときは、最悪の場合、関節を固める手術(関節固定術(「関節手術のいろいろ」))が必要となります。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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