The largest basin in Nepal, located in the central-eastern part of the country. It is a nearly circular basin with a diameter of about 20 km and an elevation of about 1,300 m. It is the most densely populated area in Nepal. Many rivers flow from the surrounding mountains, including the Bagmati River and its tributaries, the Bishnumati River, the Manaura River, and the Hanuman River. It is said to have been a lake in the past, and is blessed with fertile farmland and a warm climate, producing rice, grains, beans, and vegetables, mainly from paddy fields. Many historical buildings remain in Kathmandu, Lalitpur (Patan), and Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon), the capitals when this basin was divided into three kingdoms, and the Durbar Squares (Royal Palace Squares) of each city and four Hindu and Buddhist ruins built in the 12th to 18th centuries were registered as cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites in 1979. However, on April 25, 2015, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred about 80 km northwest of Kathmandu, causing devastating damage to more than half of the buildings in the Durbar Squares of the three cities and Changu Narayan Temple in particular. The basin is connected by a circular road and roads radiating out from Kathmandu, and in the center of the basin are the international airport and Tribhuvan University. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ネパール中東部にあるネパール最大の盆地。直径約 20kmのほぼ円形の盆地で,標高約 1300m。ネパールで人口密度の最も高い地域。バグマチ川と支流のビシュヌマチ川,マナウラ川,ハヌマン川など周辺の山地を水源とする川が多く流れる。昔は湖であったといわれ,肥沃な農地と温暖な気候に恵まれ,水田による米作を中心として穀類,豆類,蔬菜類が生産されている。かつてこの盆地が三つの王国に分かれていたときの都,カトマンズ,ラリトプール(パタン),バクタプール(バドガオン)には歴史的建造物が数多く残され,各都市のダルバール広場(王宮広場)と 12~18世紀に建立された四つのヒンドゥー教・仏教の遺跡群は 1979年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録された。しかし 2015年4月25日に発生したカトマンズ北西約 80kmを震源とするマグニチュード7.8の地震によって,特に 3都市のダルバール広場にある建造物の半数以上とチャングナラヤン寺院が壊滅的な被害を受けた。盆地内は,一周する環状道路とカトマンズから放射される道路によって結ばれ,盆地の中心には国際空港,トリブバン大学がある。
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