School City

…In America at that time, the popularization of secondary education was progressing, and its nature was changing from training elites to nurturing citizens. In the midst of this trend, experiments with "school cities," which organized students' school life in a democratic style, and "junior republics," which were correctional facilities for delinquent boys, led to the introduction of "student councils," which aimed to encourage participation in school management, as a meaningful way to nurturing citizens. These American experiences were introduced in Japan as part of the educational reforms after World War II, and the alumni associations that existed before the war and the school patriotic organizations that existed during the war were reorganized to form student councils at each school. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "School City" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…当時のアメリカでは，中等教育の大衆化が進展し，その性格がエリート養成から市民形成へと変わりつつあった。こうした動向のなかで，民主政治を模した生徒の学校生活を組織した〈学校市school city〉や，不良少年の矯正施設の〈少年共和国junior republic〉の実験が契機となり，学校運営への参加を目的とする〈生徒会議student council〉が，市民形成に意味あるものとして教育課程化された。こうしたアメリカの経験が第2次大戦後の教育改革のなかで日本に導入され，戦前の校友会，戦中の学校報国団が改組されて，生徒自治会が各学校に組織された。…

※「学校市」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報