Oversight - Kacho

…During the Qing Dynasty, the Chingbu Office appeared mainly in Shanxi, the Ginko in Beijing and Tianjin, and the moneylenders in Shanghai and Hankou, and they expanded their branches throughout the country and issued their own currency. In Ningbo, there was a currency exchange system called the Guozi, and currency exchanges like the Gaiyoshi, which were issued by shops in Yingkou and other areas, sometimes only in one district, also appeared. [Yoshinobu Shiba]
[Europe]
Predecessors of currency exchange are thought to have existed in Greece, Rome and the Byzantine Empire, but due to a lack of historical documents, their actual form is unknown.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "overreach" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…清代には山西を中心に票局，北京，天津に銀号，上海，漢口に銭荘が登場して全国に支店を広げ，独自の為替を発行した。また寧波（ニンポー）には過賬（かちよう）という為替制度があり，営口の炉房ほか，商店が局地的，ときに1街のみに発行する街帖子（がいちようし）のような為替も現れた。【斯波 義信】
［ヨーロッパ］
　為替の前身はギリシア，ローマおよびビザンティン帝国に存在したと思われるが，史料がなく実体はわからない。…

※「過賬」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報