A geological division characterized by the fossils contained therein. There are cases where a biozone is expressed by the life span of one species, cases where it is defined by a combination of the life spans of multiple species, and cases where a geological unit is characterized by a certain fossil community that occurs together (community zone) independent of the life span. Fossil zonation was introduced to geology by Oppel. During field surveys from 1856 to 1858, he divided the ammonite fossil zone from the strata of the Jurassic System of Western Europe, 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago, and followed it widely. Since then, fossil zones have been recognized and used in geology as one of the methods of fossil stratigraphy based on field surveys. Inherited species of the same lineage that have evolved over time are often endemic to a particular region, and are useful for subdivision and comparison within a region, but are not useful for comparison between different regions. For international comparisons, universal species or related species that occur worldwide are used. The characteristic or prolific species of two overlapping fossil zones in a given area often belong to different genera, subfamilies, families, or superfamilies. [Ikuo Obata] [Reference items] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
含有化石により特徴づけられる地層区分。1種類の生存期間で表現される生存帯の場合、複数の種属の生存期間の組合せで規定される場合、生存期間とは独立に、ともに産出するある化石群集で特徴づけられる(群集帯)地層単位の場合などがある。化石帯区分を地質学に導入したのはオッペルである。1856~1858年にかけての野外調査時に、西欧のジュラ系、1億9960万~1億4550万年前の層序からアンモナイトの化石帯を分け、これを広く追跡したことに始まる。その後も、地質学では野外調査に基づく化石層序学の方法の一つとして化石帯を認定し、活用されている。時代とともに進化した同一系統の継承的な種は、しばしば地域独得の固有種で、地域内の細分や対比には有効であるが、異地域間の対比には役だたず、国際対比には世界的に産出する普遍種ないしはその類縁種が使われる。ある地域で設定された上下に重なる化石帯の特徴種や多産種は、互いに異なる属、亜科、別科、別超科のことが多い。 [小畠郁生] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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