Rudolf Carnap

Japanese: カルナップ - かるなっぷ(英語表記)Rudolf Carnap
Rudolf Carnap

A German-born philosopher who became a naturalized American. He was a member of the Vienna Colloquium, and in 1931 he became an assistant professor at the German University in Prague. In 1935 he moved to the United States, where he was a professor at the University of Chicago and the University of California. He devoted his life to applying the results of modern logic to philosophy. In his youth he was strongly influenced by the logician Frege and Russell's work on logic and philosophy, but at the same time he seems to have had a good understanding of the ideas of formalist mathematical foundations. As a result, he argued that most philosophical problems are merely disguised problems in metalogic, and during the 1930s and 1940s when logical positivism was in vogue, he had a great influence on the Anglo-Saxon philosophical world in particular. After that, after the 1950s, when the so-called ordinary language school became more and more popular, he was often considered a philosopher of the past. However, this criticism is not necessarily valid. Carnap had the advantage of writing clearly and in an easily understandable way, so his ideas do not seem as profound as those of the "lazy philosophers" who could only express themselves in abstruse ways, but some of his ideas still have meaning today.

[Yoshida Natsuhiko June 19, 2018]

"Paul Arthur Schilpp The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap (1963 , Open Court, La Salle, Illinois)"

[References] | Vienna Circle | Logical Positivism

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツ出身で、アメリカに帰化した哲学者。ウィーン学団の一員であり、1931年プラハのドイツ大学助教授、1935年渡米し、シカゴ大学、カリフォルニア大学教授を歴任する。現代論理学の成果を哲学に応用することに一生を捧(ささ)げた。若いとき、論理主義者フレーゲやラッセルの論理学・哲学上の仕事から強く影響されたが、同時に、形式主義数学基礎論の考え方もよく理解していたように思われる。その結果、哲学上の問題の大部分は、メタ論理学の問題の変装したものにすぎないと論じ、論理実証主義が流行していた1930~1940年代は、とくにアングロ・サクソンの哲学界に多大の影響を与えた。その後、1950年代以降、いわゆる日常言語学派の勢いが盛んになってからは、過去の哲学者とみなされることも多くなった。しかしこの批判は、かならずしも妥当なものではない。カルナップは、明確に、かつ、わかりやすく本を書くという長所をもっていたために、難解な表現しかできない「怠け者の哲学者」ほどには深みがあるようにみえないが、その提唱のなかにはいまなお意義のある部分がある。

[吉田夏彦 2018年6月19日]

『永井成男・内田種臣編、内井惣七他訳『カルナップ哲学論集』(1977・紀伊國屋書店)』『Paul Arthur SchilppThe Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap (1963, Open Court, La Salle, Illinois)』

[参照項目] | ウィーン学団 | 論理実証主義

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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