A geomorphological process that originates from outside the Earth. It is also called an external force or exogenous geological process. Its origin is the radiant energy of the sun, which causes weather changes, and wind, waves, rivers, glaciers, groundwater, etc. cause erosion and deposition. External processes generally act to flatten undulating land, and when external processes operate for a long period of time, a flat surface called a peneplain is formed near the erosion base level (sea level in the case of river erosion). In contrast, processes that originate from within the Earth, such as volcanoes and earthquakes, are called internal processes. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
地形形成作用のうち,その力の根源が地球の外部にあるもの。外的営力,外因的地質作用ともいう。根源は太陽の放射エネルギーにあり,これによって気象変化が起り,風,波,河流,氷河,地下水などが浸食,堆積などを行う。一般に起伏のある土地を低平化するように働き,外作用が長期間働くと浸食基準面 (河食の場合は海面) 近くに準平原と呼ばれる平坦面が形成される。これに対し,地形形成作用の原因が,火山や地震など地球の内部にあるものを内作用という。
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