Olistostrome - Olistostrome (English spelling)

Japanese: オリストストローム - おりすとすとろーむ(英語表記)olistostrome
Olistostrome - Olistostrome (English spelling)

Large-scale submarine landslide deposits containing huge boulders. Among the previously known slump conglomerates and submarine landslide conglomerates, those that are widely distributed and are shown on regular geological maps are included here. Lens-shaped rocks and blocks of various sizes, ranging from small pebbles to several kilometers in diameter, are irregularly embedded in a muddy matrix, and are clearly different from ordinary conglomerates. The rock types range from sedimentary rocks of continental shelf origin, ultramafic rocks such as serpentine, ophiolitic assemblages such as peridotite and basalt, to granitic rocks. These blocks are called olistoliths.

There are three known causes for these olistostromes: (1) They are caused by surface slides originating from the same formation as the olistostrome and formed when it was in a semi-consolidated or unconsolidated state, (2) They are caused by other strata in the same sedimentary basin that are older than the normal strata that contain them, and (3) They are caused by the collapse of the tip of a nappe that moved from another sedimentary basin.

[Hiroshi Iwamatsu February 17, 2016]

[References] | Knapp | Melange
Olistostrome
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Olistostrome


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

巨大岩塊を含む大規模な海底地すべり堆積(たいせき)物。従来のスランプ礫岩(れきがん)、海底地すべり礫岩といわれていたもののうち、通常の地質図に示されるほど広く分布するものは、これに含まれる。小礫から長径数キロメートルに至る大小さまざまのレンズ状の小岩体やブロック(地塊)が泥質基質中に不規則に入っており、普通の礫岩とは明らかに異なる。その岩質には、大陸棚起源の堆積岩、蛇紋岩などの超塩基性岩、橄欖(かんらん)岩、玄武岩などのオフィオライト組合せから花崗(かこう)岩質岩石までさまざまある。これらのブロックはオリストリスolistolithとよばれる。

 成因的には次の3通りが知られている。すなわち、(1)オリストストロームを含む地層と同一累層(るいそう)に由来する表層すべりによるもので、半固結ないし未固結状態のときに生成したもの。(2)それを含む正常層よりも時代的に古い同一堆積盆地内の他の地層に由来するもの。(3)別の堆積盆地から移動してきたナップの先端部が崩壊したもの、などである。

[岩松 暉 2016年2月17日]

[参照項目] | ナップ | メランジュ
オリストストローム
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オリストストローム


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