The film used to take and produce color photographs, the currently popular multi-layer color film developed using color development, began with Kodachrome film, released by Eastman Kodak Company in 1935. Photographic color film is coated from the bottom layer of the base upwards with layers such as anti-halation, red-sensitive cyan emulsion, green-sensitive magenta emulsion, yellow filter, blue-sensitive yellow emulsion, and protective film, some having as many as 15 layers. The total thickness of the layers is 13-25 μm, not much different from black-and-white film, and even a 5% error in the thickness of each emulsion coating will disrupt the color balance. Color development creates a dye image corresponding to the subject along with the silver image, and the silver image is removed by subsequent bleaching and fixing. There are color reversal films and color negative films. The former are for transparent images and are available in daylight and tungsten types suited to the light used for photography, as well as internal types in which the color coupler is added to the emulsion and external types in which it is added to the developer. Color negatives are all internal types, just like color photographic paper. There are a variety of film sizes, just like black-and-white film. In addition to color film for photography, there is also color positive film for printing. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
カラー写真を撮影,製作するフィルムで,現在普及している発色現像による多層式カラーフィルムは,1935年イーストマン・コダック社が発表したコダクローム・フィルムから始る。撮影用カラーフィルムはベースの最下層から上方にハレーション防止,赤感性シアン発色乳剤,緑感性マゼンタ発色乳剤,黄色フィルタ,青感性黄色発色乳剤,保護膜などの層が重ねて塗布されており,多いものでは 15層にもなっている。全層の厚さは,黒白フィルムと大差のない 13~25μmで,各乳剤の塗布に,厚さ5%の誤差があっても色調のバランスはくずれる。発色現像で,銀画像とともに被写体に対応する色素画像をつくり,続く漂白,定着によって銀画像は除かれる。カラーリバーサルフィルムとカラーネガフィルムがあり,前者は透明陽画用で,撮影光に適するデーライトタイプ,タングステンタイプ,また発色剤 (カプラー) を乳剤中に入れる内式と,現像液中に添加する外式がある。カラーネガはカラー印画紙と同じくすべて内式である。フィルムサイズは黒白フィルムと同様の各種がある。撮影用カラーフィルム以外に,プリント用のカラーポジフィルムもある。
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