Okinawa Return - Okinawahenkan

Japanese: 沖縄返還 - おきなわへんかん

Okinawa, which came under the rule of the United States under the Treaty of Peace with Japan that came into force in 1952, was returned to Japan after 27 years on May 15, 1972, the year after the signing of the Okinawa Reversion Agreement. Okinawa continued to endure hardships, from being a battlefield during World War II (Pacific War) (→Battle of Okinawa), under occupation, and under military rule after the war (→US Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands, US Military Land Issue in Okinawa), but the Okinawan people persevered in their movement for reversion to the motherland. In 1960, the Okinawa Prefecture Reversion Council was formed, centered on the Okinawa Teachers' Association, and in 1965 Prime Minister Eisaku Sato visited Okinawa. On November 2, 1969, at a meeting with President Richard Milhous Nixon, the Japan-US Joint Statement (→Sato-Nixon Joint Statement) was announced, promising a 1972 reversion of Okinawa to the same condition as the mainland, without nuclear weapons. However, even after the return, US military bases in Japan occupy 9.94% of Okinawa's land area (as of March 2015). In addition to the base issue, many other issues remain, such as the suspicion of a secret agreement in the Japan-US Joint Statement regarding the introduction of nuclear weapons in the event of an emergency, and Okinawa's economic independence. (→Okinawa Prefecture, Okinawa Islands, Okinawa Island)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1952年に発効した対日講和条約によってアメリカ合衆国の統治下に置かれた沖縄は，沖縄返還協定が調印された翌 1972年5月15日，27年ぶりに日本に返還された。第2次世界大戦（太平洋戦争）の戦場（→沖縄の戦い），占領下，戦後の軍政下（→琉球列島アメリカ民政府，沖縄米軍用地問題）と沖縄の苦難は続き，沖縄住民の祖国復帰運動は粘り強く続けられた。1960年沖縄教職員会を中心とする沖縄県祖国復帰協議会の結成，1965年佐藤栄作内閣総理大臣の沖縄訪問を経て，1969年11月2日のリチャード・ミルハウス・ニクソン大統領との会議で，「核抜き本土並み」の 1972年返還を約した日米共同声明（→佐藤＝ニクソン共同声明）が発表された。しかし，返還後も在日アメリカ軍の基地は沖縄県土面積の 9.94%（2015.3現在）を占める。基地問題のほか，日米共同声明における有事の際の核持ち込みに関する密約疑惑や，沖縄の経済的自立など，多くの問題が残る。（→沖縄県，沖縄諸島，沖縄島）

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