Okinawa War Memorial National Park

Japanese: 沖縄戦跡国定公園 - おきなわせんせきこくていこうえん
Okinawa War Memorial National Park

This quasi-national park, located at the southern tip of Okinawa Island, Okinawa Prefecture, straddling Itoman City and Yaese Town, includes the site of World War II battles and the natural scenery of the coast. It was designated as a Ryukyu Government Park in 1965, but became a quasi-national park when Okinawa was returned to the mainland in 1972. Its land area is 31.27 square kilometers, and its marine area is 19.33 square kilometers. The battle sites within this park are the site of the fiercest battle and the final battle of the Battle of Okinawa. In May 1945, the Japanese military headquarters in Shuri was forced to retreat to this area due to a fierce attack by the American military, and fierce fighting continued until June when Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima, the commander in chief, committed suicide in the Mabuni military headquarters trench. Including these, many Japanese died in the Battle of Okinawa, with about 50% of them being civilians. At the Peace Memorial Park on Mabuni Hill, a site of fierce fighting, there is the Peace Memorial Museum (opened in 1975), which exhibits mainly the war experiences of local residents, as well as memorial towers from each prefecture, including the Tower of Dawn and the Tower of Kenji. In 1995, the unveiling ceremony for the Cornerstone of Peace, a monument inscribed with the names of all the victims who died in the Battle of Okinawa, was held. Near the Peace Memorial Park, many memorial towers have been erected, including the Himeyuri Tower, famous for the tragedy of the Okinawa Prefectural First Girls' High School student unit. The coast is a magnificent development of karst topography, including coral reefs made of fringing reefs, cliffs made of Ryukyu limestone, limestone banks, and limestone caves. The area is also home to natural vegetation unique to karst regions, creating beautiful scenery that attracts tourists all year round.

[Shigekazu Mezaki]

[Reference] | Battle of Okinawa
Foundation of Peace
Okinawa War Memorial National Park Area. Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture ©Okinawa Convention and Visitors Bureau ">

Foundation of Peace

Himeyuri Tower
The memorial monument is in the center of the photo, and the Himeyuri Tower is on the far right. Okinawa War Memorial Park. Itoman City, Okinawa Prefecture ©Okinawa Tourism and Convention Bureau ">

Himeyuri Tower


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

沖縄県沖縄本島の南端、糸満市(いとまんし)、八重瀬町(やえせちょう)にまたがる、第二次世界大戦の戦跡を中心に海岸の自然景観を含めた国定公園。1965年(昭和40)琉球政府立公園(りゅうきゅうせいふりつこうえん)として指定されたが、1972年本土復帰と同時に国定公園になった。陸域面積31.27平方キロメートル、海域面積19.33平方キロメートル。この公園内にある戦跡は、沖縄戦最大の激戦および終焉(しゅうえん)の地である。1945年5月のアメリカ軍の猛攻撃によって首里(しゅり)にあった日本軍司令部はこの一帯へと撤退を余儀なくされ、6月司令官牛島満(みつる)中将が摩文仁(まぶに)軍司令部壕(ごう)で自決するまで、激烈な戦闘が繰り広げられた。これを含め沖縄戦では、多くの日本人戦死者があり、とくにその約50%は一般人であった。激戦の跡として摩文仁丘の平和祈念公園には住民の戦争体験を中心に展示した平和祈念資料館(1975年開館)、黎明之塔(れいめいのとう)、健児之塔をはじめ各県の慰霊塔が並ぶ。1995年(平成7)には、沖縄戦で戦死した全犠牲者の氏名が刻まれた記念碑「平和の礎(いしじ)」の除幕式が行われた。平和祈念公園の近隣には、沖縄県立第一高等女学校生部隊の悲劇として名高い「ひめゆりの塔」をはじめ、各所に多くの慰霊塔が建立されている。海岸部は、裾礁(きょしょう)からなるサンゴ礁や、琉球石灰岩からなる断崖(だんがい)や石灰岩堤、鍾乳洞(しょうにゅうどう)などのカルスト地形の発達がみごとである。また、カルスト地域特有の自然植生も認められ、美しい景観を呈し、一年中観光客が絶えることがない。

[目崎茂和]

[参照項目] | 沖縄戦
平和の礎
沖縄戦跡国定公園域。沖縄県糸満市©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー">

平和の礎

ひめゆりの塔
写真中央は慰霊碑、向かって右端が「ひめゆりの塔」。沖縄戦跡国定公園域。沖縄県糸満市©沖縄観光コンベンションビューロー">

ひめゆりの塔


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