A general term for lasers that use liquid as a laser medium. They are broadly divided into those that use luminescence based on electronic transitions in solutions containing lanthanide rare earth element ions such as neodymium ions (Nd 3+) and those that use luminescence transitions of π electrons in solutions of rhodamine and other dyes. It was difficult to generate laser oscillations using the irregular motion of liquid molecules, but it became possible to use easy-to-use gas lasers and solid-state lasers for excitation, and liquid lasers became practical. In general, liquid lasers are cheaper than solid-state and semiconductor lasers, have no restrictions on shape, are easy to cool because they can be circulated, and have a higher concentration of active centers than gas lasers, resulting in a large electron inversion distribution, which results in a large amplification gain. In particular, dye lasers that use dye solutions have the advantage of being able to select the oscillation wavelength from the ultraviolet to near-infrared range because they use a wide spectral width fluorescence band and a wide variety of materials, making them important as tunable lasers and used in a wide range of fields. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
レーザー媒質として液体を用いるレーザーの総称。ネオジムイオン Nd3+ などのランタニド系希土類元素イオンを含む溶液におけるイオン内の電子遷移に基づく発光を利用したものと,ローダミンその他の色素溶液におけるπ電子の発光遷移を利用したものとに大別される。液体分子の不規則運動でレーザー発振させるのは困難だったが,使いやすい気体レーザーや固体レーザーを励起に使えるようになり,液体レーザーが実用化した。一般に液体レーザーは固体レーザーや半導体レーザーに比べ安価で形状に対する制限がなく,循環可能のため冷却が容易であるうえ,気体レーザーに比べ活性中心の濃度が高いので大きな電子の反転分布が得られるため増幅利得が大きいなどの特徴をもつ。特に色素溶液を用いた色素レーザーは,スペクトル幅の広いケイ光帯を使っていることと材料の種類がきわめて豊富なために紫外部から近赤外部にわたって発振波長を任意に選択できるという長所があり,波長可変レーザー tunable laserとして重要であり,広い分野で使用されている。
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