Operator - Transport operator

Japanese: 運行供用者 - うんこうきょうようしゃ
Operator - Transport operator

For example, if an employee of a company causes an accident while driving a company-owned car for company business, the general law of the Civil Code stipulates that the victim must prove the driver's negligence in order to claim damages from the driver or employer (Civil Code Articles 709 and 715). However, Article 3 of the Automobile Liability Compensation Act creates a new concept of the operator (a person who provides a car for himself/herself) as the party responsible for automobile accidents, and this person will be held liable unless he/she proves that he/she and the driver did not neglect to exercise caution in operating the car. In this way, Article 3 of the Automobile Liability Compensation Act aims to impose no-fault liability on the operator by shifting the burden of proof, and is considered to have realized the intention of risk liability.

From the Automobile Liability Security Law

...Abbreviated as the Automobile Liability Law. This law makes a significant revision to the principle of negligence liability in the Civil Code by imposing a practical no-fault liability based on the principle of risk liability on the new responsible party, the operator. In other words, if a person who provides an automobile for his/her own use (operator) injures the life or body of another person through the operation of the automobile, he/she is liable for compensation unless he/she proves that he/she and the driver did not neglect to operate the automobile, that the victim or a third party (other than the driver) acted with intent or negligence, and that the automobile had no structural defect or functional impairment (Article 3).

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "operational operator" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…たとえば,ある会社の従業員が社用のため会社所有の車を運転中に事故をおこした場合,一般法である民法によれば,被害者は運転者または使用者に対し損害賠償を請求するためには,運転者の過失を証明しなければならない(民法709,715条)。しかし,自賠法3条は,自動車事故の責任主体として新たに運行供用者(自己のために自動車を運行の用に供する者)という概念を創設し,この者が,自己および運転者が自動車の運行に関し注意を怠らなかったことなどを証明しないかぎり責任を負わされることとなった。このように自賠法3条は,立証責任の転換を通じて運行供用者に事実上無過失責任を負わせようとするものであり,危険責任の意図を実現したものとされている。…

【自動車損害賠償保障法】より

…自賠法と略す。本法は運行供用者という新しい責任主体に危険責任原理に依拠する実質的な無過失責任を課すことによって,民法の過失責任主義に対する重大な修正を加えることとなった。すなわち,自己のために自動車を運行の用に供する者(運行供用者)は,その運行によって他人の生命または身体を害したときは,自己および運転者が自動車運行について注意を怠らなかったこと,被害者または(運転者以外の)第三者に故意または過失があったこと,自動車に構造上の欠陥または機能の障害がなかったことの三つを立証しないかぎり,賠償責任を負うものとされている(3条)。…

※「運行供用者」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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