...Generally it means an invader from outside, but in science fiction it is often used specifically to refer to an invader from space. H.G. Wells's The War of the Worlds (1898) is a classic masterpiece about an invasion from Mars, and masterpieces such as F. Brown's The Martians Go Home (1955) and C. Priest's The Space Machine (1976) were written as parodies of this work. It is also well known that in 1938 O. Wells wrote a radio play based on H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds, which caused panic among American citizens who mistook it for a live broadcast of a real invasion. From 【Alien】...In 1835, the newspaper "The New York Sun" published a false article about the observation of moonmen by a large telescope, which caused a big uproar. In 1877, G.V. Schiaparelli discovered stripes on Mars, and P. Lowell claimed in his book "Mars" (1895) that they were canals. Since then, the debate over the existence of aliens has never ceased. For a long time, interest was focused on Martians, and after H.G. Wells imagined an octopus-shaped Martian in "The War of the Worlds" (1898) based on the relationship between gravity and oxygen content, this shape of alien became familiar to people. After it was discovered that intelligent life could not exist on Mars, interest shifted to planets in distant star systems, and the imagination of aliens became extremely diverse. ... From SF movies...On the other hand, in Hollywood, the first sci-fi musical, The World 50 Years Later (directed by David Butler), failed in 1930, and the jinx that futuristic stories would not be a hit was created, and major studios shunned sci-fi films. The reason behind this is that Paramount had proposed a film adaptation of Welles' The War of the Worlds (1898) in 1925, and had chosen the master of spectacle films, Cecil B. DeMille, to direct it, but DeMille showed no interest. In 1930, Eisenstein planned to adapt it into a film with the author's consent, but it did not come to fruition. Furthermore, in 1932, Hitchcock planned to adapt it in England, and although producer A. Korda was enthusiastic, they could not come to an agreement with Paramount, which had the film rights, and Korda ended up producing the aforementioned The World to Come, also by Welles. In 1938, the then 23-year-old Orson Welles produced a radio dramatization of the story (The Martians Invade America) that created a sensation. *Some of the terminology that refers to "War of the Worlds" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…一般に外部からの侵入者を意味するが,とくにSFにおいて宇宙からの侵略者に限定して使われることが多い。H.G.ウェルズの《宇宙戦争》(1898)は火星からの侵略を扱った古典的名作で,この作品のパロディとしてブラウンF.Brownの《火星人ゴーホーム》(1955)やプリーストC.Priestの《スペース・マシン》(1976)のような傑作が書かれた。また38年にO.ウェルズがH.G.ウェルズの《宇宙戦争》をもとに書いた放送劇が,これを現実の侵略を実況したものと勘ちがいしたアメリカ市民に恐慌をもたらしたことは有名である。… 【宇宙人】より…1835年に新聞《ニューヨーク・サン》が大望遠鏡による月人観測のうそ記事を掲載して大騒ぎとなり,77年にG.V.スキャパレリが火星の筋模様を発見し,P.ローエルが《火星》(1895)という本でそれを運河であると主張してからは宇宙人の存在に関する議論が絶えることはなくなった。それも長い間火星人に関心が集中し,H.G.ウェルズが《宇宙戦争》(1898)において,重力と酸素量の関係で〈タコ型〉の火星人を想像してからは,この形の宇宙人が人々に親しまれるようになった。やがて,火星に知的生物が存在しえないことがわかると,遠い恒星系の惑星に関心が移り,宇宙人の想像図も多様をきわめるものとなった。… 【SF映画】より…一方,ハリウッドでも,30年に初のSFミュージカル《50年後の世界》(デビッド・バトラー監督)が失敗するという例もあり,未来ものは当たらないというジンクスができて,SF映画はメジャー各社からは敬遠された。その裏には,パラマウントが,ウェルズの《宇宙戦争》(1898)の映画化を1925年に立案し,スペクタクル映画の巨匠セシル・B.デミルに白羽の矢を立てたが,デミルは興味を示さず,30年にはエイゼンシテインが,原作者の快諾を得て映画化を企画して果たさず,さらに32年にはヒッチコックがイギリスで映画化を企画し,製作者A.コルダが乗り気になったものの,映画化権を握ったパラマウントとの折合いがつかず,結局,コルダは同じウェルズの前述の《来るべき世界》を製作するに至ったといういきさつもある。そして38年には,アメリカで当時23歳のオーソン・ウェルズがこれをラジオドラマ化(《火星人来襲》)してセンセーションを巻き起こすことになる。… ※「《宇宙戦争》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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