Names of galaxies based on their shape. Spiral galaxies have a spiral structure, with stars and interstellar material gathered in a disk shape. The concentrated force of gravity and the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the disk balance to maintain their shape. Barred spiral galaxies are spiral galaxies with a barred structure in the center. Elliptical galaxies are spherical or elliptical gatherings of stars, with no noticeable internal structure and containing almost no gas. Stars move at high speeds and in a chaotic manner, and gravity holds them back from scattering, maintaining their shape. Irregular galaxies cannot be classified as any of these. They can be classified as either shapeless or temporarily deformed by galactic collisions. In addition to these, there are many small galaxies with fewer than a few billion stars. They are called dwarf galaxies, and dozens of them have been found in the Local Group. They are often satellite galaxies of normal galaxies, and there are several dozen around the Milky Way Galaxy, which contains the solar system. (Yoshiaki Taniguchi, Director of the Center for Cosmic Evolution Research, Ehime University / Makoto Tosa, Professor, Tohoku University / 2008) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
形態から見た銀河の名。渦巻銀河は、渦巻構造を持ち、恒星や星間物質が円盤状に集まっている。重力による集中力と円盤部の回転による遠心力とが釣り合い、形を保つ。棒渦巻銀河は、渦巻銀河のうち中心部に棒状構造を持つもの。楕円銀河は、恒星が球ないし楕円状に集まり、内部に目立った構造を持たず、ガスをほとんど含まない。恒星が高速・無秩序に動き、飛散しようとするのを重力で引き留めて形を保つ。これらに分類できないものが不規則銀河。それ自体が不定形なものと、銀河の衝突などにより一時的に変形したものとがある。これらの他に、星の数が数十億個以下の小さな銀河が多数存在する。矮小(わいしょう)銀河と呼ばれ、局部銀河群に数十個見つかっている。通常の銀河の衛星銀河となっていることが多く、太陽系のある銀河系の周囲には十数個存在する。
(谷口義明 愛媛大学宇宙進化研究センターセンター長 / 土佐誠 東北大学教授 / 2008年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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