…In the era of great conquest, when land was taxed in the conquered territories, the land tax, haraj, which was almost half of the harvest, was collected from the land of the mawari and dhimmis, while only ushr was collected from the land owned by Arab Muslims. Later, haraj was also imposed on Arab Muslims, but the private land of privileged Arab Muslims, and daiya (private land) and katiya (shared land) granted by the caliph or governor were considered ushri (ushr land), and they only had to pay ushr, but ushri was gradually abolished during the Abbasid period. Maks [Johei Shimada]. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Ushuri" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…大征服時代になって,征服地で土地に課税されるようになると,マワーリーとジンミーの土地から収穫のほぼ半分に当たる地租ハラージュが徴収されたのに対し,アラブ・ムスリムの所有地からは,ウシュルが徴収されたにすぎなかった。のちアラブ・ムスリムにもハラージュが課せられるようになったが,特権的なアラブ・ムスリムの私有地や,カリフや総督から授与されたダイア(私領地)やカティーア(分与地)はウシュリー(ウシュル地)として,ウシュルを支払うだけでよいとされたが,アッバース朝時代にウシュリーは,しだいに廃止されていった。マクス【嶋田 襄平】。… ※「ウシュリー」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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