A Greek word meaning "essence" or "substance." Plato considered the essence of a thing to be its form or idea. Things exist by participating in the idea that exists beyond the phenomenal world. By ousia, Aristotle sometimes meant an individual object consisting of matter and form, and sometimes the essence of that individual object, that is, what is conceptually grasped in relation to that object. Unlike Plato, he did not consider ousia to be something that transcends things, but rather expressed it as to ti ēn einai, as something that is inherent in them and that ultimately determines "what is" (ti esti) and constitutes things. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
「本質」「実体」を意味するギリシア語。プラトンは,事物の本質をその事物の形相ないしイデアであるとした。現象界をこえて存在するイデアにあずかることによって,諸事物は存在するとされた。アリストテレスは,ウシアによって,ときには,質料と形相から成る個物を,ときには,その個物の本質,すなわちその物に関して概念的に把握されるものを意味した。そしてプラトンのように,ウシアを事物をこえるものとはせずに,その中に内在し,それが究極的には「何であるか」 ti estiを決定し,事物を構成していくものとして,ウシアをト・ティ・エン・エイナイ to ti ēn einaiとも表わした。
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