Hezawa - Hard

Japanese: 菏沢 - かたく

A city in southwestern Shandong Province, China. It is the center of the Heze region. It has a population of 1.19 million (1994). It is located east of the point where the Yellow River, which flows eastward, turns northeastward, and is a key location on the North China Plain. It is particularly located on a key route connecting Shandong, Henan, and Shaanxi from east to west, and was a strategic location where the capital of the Cao state was located during the Spring and Autumn period. Its name changed to Guyang County in the Han dynasty, Rongshi County in the Northern Wei dynasty, Jiyin County in the Jin dynasty, Cao County in the Ming dynasty, and its current name in the Qing dynasty. During this time, the Caozhou Prefecture was located here, and so it is commonly called Caozhou.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，山東省南西部の市。菏沢地区の中心。人口119万(1994)。東流してきた黄河が北東へ流れを変える地点の東にあり，地勢的には華北平原の要にあたる。とくに山東と河南，陝西を東西に結ぶ要路上にあり，春秋時代には曹国の国都も置かれる要衝であった。漢代には句陽（こうよう）県，北魏には乗氏県，金代には済陰県，明代に曹県と名が変わり，清代に今の名となった。この間，曹州府が置かれたところから俗に曹州と呼ばれる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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