One poor, two poor - Ikkyunhik

...For example, in Sichuan Province, where the fighting was the most intense, it was almost common to collect taxes several years or even a dozen years in advance, and all of the measures taken by the Kuomintang government to centralize power, including the currency reform, were also used to enrich Chiang Kai-shek and the four big families and the bureaucratic capital. The peasants, who were forced into poverty in this way, were far removed from modern civilization (the so-called ``first poverty, second white'', i.e., first poverty, second cultural blank), and were forced to cling to superstition and live in an unsanitary environment. However, since they were the producers of society's most basic wealth, the peasant problem became the most important social problem in modern China, and the Chinese Communist Party, led by Mao Zedong, provided one answer to this problem.

*Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "Ichi Kyou Ni Baku" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…有名な例だが，もっとも混戦がはげしかった四川省では，数年あるいは十数年先までの税金の事前徴収はほとんど普通のことだったし，また幣制改革をはじめとする国民党政権の中央集権化のための諸施策はすべて，蔣介石ら四大家族，官僚資本の致富の手段ともなった。このように貧困をしいられた農民は，近代文明からかけはなれた(いわゆる〈一窮二白〉すなわち一に貧窮，二に文化的に白紙)存在であって，迷信にすがり，不衛生にとりまかれた生活を余儀なくされた。しかし，彼らこそ社会のもっとも基本的な富の生産者であったから，農民問題が中国近代におけるもっとも重要な社会問題となるのであって，毛沢東にひきいられた中国共産党がそれに一つの解答を与えたのである。…

※「一窮二白」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報