A designated area of South Africa that existed as a republic until 1994. It was a bantustan (homeland). It was never internationally recognized. It was an exclave in the former Transvaal province of South Africa, just south of Zimbabwe. Its capital was Sibasa, but was moved to Thohoyandou when Venda became an independent state in 1979. The Venda migrated from what is now Zimbabwe in the early 1700s and established many kingdoms. In the late 19th century, the Venda region was defeated in a war with the Transvaal Republic, and in 1898 it was annexed by the Transvaal Republic. In 1962, the South African government established Venda as the homeland of the Venda-speaking people and established a local governing body. In 1973, partial self-government was granted, a Legislative Council was elected, and Patrick Mpepu became Chief Minister. On September 13, 1979, the South African government declared Venda an independent republic with Mpepu as president. It was the third homeland to be granted independence from South Africa, after Transkei in 1976 and Bophuthatswana in 1977. The following week, the United Nations Security Council unanimously condemned the creation of the three black republics as an attempt by the South African government to legitimize and perpetuate apartheid. In 1994, under the South African Constitution that abolished the apartheid system, Venda was reincorporated into South Africa as part of the newly created Northern Province (→ Limpopo Province). (→ Ciskei) Vendor |
1994年まで南アフリカ共和国において共和国として存在した,黒人の指定居住地域。バンツースタン(ホームランド)の一つ。国際的に承認されることはなかった。ジンバブエのすぐ南側,南アフリカの旧トランスバール州内の飛び地だった(→トランスバール)。首都はシバサだったが,1979年にベンダが独立国となったときにトホヤンドウに移された。ベンダ族は 1700年代初期に今日のジンバブエからこの地域に移住し,多くの王国が成立した。19世紀後半にトランスバール共和国との戦争に敗れ,ベンダ地域は 1898年にトランスバール共和国に併合された。1962年,南アフリカ政府はベンダを,ベンダ語を話す人々のホームランドと定め,地方統治機構を設けた。1973年には部分的な自治が認められ,立法評議会が選出され,パトリック・ムペプが主席大臣に就任。1979年9月13日に南アフリカ政府はベンダを,ムペプを大統領とする独立共和国と宣言。1976年のトランスケイ,1977年のボプタツワナに次いで,南アフリカからの独立が認められた 3番目のホームランドとなった。国際連合安全保障理事会は翌週,この三つの黒人共和国の建国は南アフリカ政府がアパルトヘイトを合法化,永続化しようとする企てだと全会一致で非難した。1994年,アパルトヘイト制度を廃止した南アフリカの憲法のもとで,ベンダは新設された北部州(→リンポポ州)の一部として南アフリカに再編入された。(→シスケイ)
ベンダ
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