For humans, rivers are one of the most familiar water environments and a water source that is easily accessible, so river pollution is the easiest type of water pollution to recognize, and once pollution occurs, it has a large impact. In the second half of the 19th century, the cholera epidemic and foul odor caused by the pollution of the River Thames in England was the beginning of global river pollution. In Europe, river pollution was largely due to urban pollution, with the inflow of domestic wastewater containing human waste due to the concentration of population in cities, and the inflow of large amounts of factory wastewater due to the concentration and expansion of factories in cities. In Japan, however, human waste was used as fertilizer for agriculture, so there were relatively few cases of cholera in cities, and it was more due to purely industrial pollution. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
人間にとって,河川はもっとも身近にある水環境の一つであり,また利用しやすい水源でもあるので,河川汚濁は水質汚濁の中でももっとも認識されやすく,かついったん汚濁が起こった場合にはその影響も大きい。19世紀後半,イギリスのテムズ川の汚濁によるコレラの流行と悪臭は世界的な河川汚濁の発端であった。ヨーロッパの河川汚濁が,人口の都市への集中による屎尿(しによう)を含む生活排水の流入と,工場の都市への集中・大規模化による大量の工場排水の流入という都市公害的様相が強かったのに対し,日本では,屎尿を肥料として農業利用していたために,都市におけるコレラの発生などは比較的少なく,純然たる産業公害の様相が強かった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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