Passing ship - Kashobune

Also written as Kasho-bune. During the Edo period, this riverboat operated on the Yodo River, transporting cargo and passengers between Kyoto and Osaka. Originally, it was a broad term for ships that held a Kasho (checkpoint pass). In 1598 (Keicho 3), Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Kasho-za system, which included the Yodo-bune that had been engaged in water transport up until then and the newly established 30 koku-bune, and both Kawahara Yozaemon (later Suminokura Yoichi) and Kimura Soemon were appointed as Kasho-bune Bugyo (magistrates of the Kasho ships).

The number of ships increased as the Edo economy developed, and in the early 18th century there were 507 20-koku ships carrying cargo at Yodo, and 671 ships with a capacity of 30 koku or more. Of the ships under the control of the Kashoza, ships with a capacity of 30 koku or more were called Kasho ships. Of these, the 30-koku ships were passenger ships. Typically, each ship carried around 30 passengers and was operated by four sailors, with cargo including rice, salt, fish, and timber. The journey time between Kyoto and Osaka was one day or overnight for ships going upstream, and half a day or half a night for ships going downstream.

[Yuzuki Manabu]

“Fune” edited by Toshikazu Sudo (1968, Hosei University Press)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

過所船とも書く。江戸時代に淀(よど)川を運航して京都―大坂間の貨物・乗客を運んだ川船。元来、広く過書（関所手形）を所持する船の称であった。1598年（慶長3）徳川家康により過書座の制が設けられ、それまで水運に従事していた淀船と、新設の三十石船とを包括し、河原与三右衛門(かわはらよざえもん)（のち角倉与一(すみのくらよいち)）と木村宗右衛門(そうえもん)の両人が過書船奉行(ぶぎょう)に任命された。

　船の数は江戸経済の発展につれて多くなり、18世紀前期には淀上荷(うわに)船の二十石船507艘(そう)、30石積み以上の船が671艘であった。この過書座支配下の船のうち、30石積み以上の船を過書船とよんだ。このうち三十石船は客船である。普通、1艘の乗客30人前後で、水夫(かこ)4人で運航し、貨物には米穀、塩、魚類、材木などがあった。所要時間は、流れをさかのぼる上り船で1日または一晩、下り船は半日または半夜で京都―大坂間を往復した。

［柚木　学］

『須藤利一編著『船』（1968・法政大学出版局）』

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