Alpha motor neuron

Japanese: α運動ニューロン - あるふぁうんどうにゅーろん
Alpha motor neuron

…Slow muscles, such as the soleus muscle, are also called red muscles and are used to maintain posture. These white and red muscles are controlled by phasic alpha motor neurons and tonic alpha motor neurons, respectively. When impulses arrive at the neuromuscular endplate one after another at short intervals through the motor nerve, the twitches are fused and summed up, causing continuous strong contractions, which are called tetanus (Figure 1). …

From [Motor Neuron]

…It is a type of astrocyte that extends several dendrites from the cell body. There are two types of motor neurons: large alpha motor neurons and small gamma motor neurons. The alpha type gives off alpha motor fibers with a diameter of 8 to 13 μm, and the gamma type gives off gamma motor fibers with a diameter of 3 to 8 μm. Signals from the alpha motor fibers cause muscle contraction, and the gamma motor fibers send signals to tension receptors called muscle spindles in the muscle, which then control specialized muscle fibers called intrinsic muscles. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "alpha motor neuron" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…遅い筋肉はひらめ筋など姿勢の維持に働く筋肉で赤筋ともいう。この白筋と赤筋は,それぞれ相動性α運動ニューロンと持続性α運動ニューロンとによって支配されている。運動神経を通って短い間隔でつぎつぎにインパルスが神経筋終板に到着すると,単収縮がつぎつぎと融合し加重され,連続した強い収縮が引き起こされることになるが,これを強縮という(図1)。…

【運動ニューロン】より

…細胞体から数本の樹状突起をのばす,いわゆる星状細胞の一種である。大型のα運動ニューロンと小型のγ運動ニューロンの2型があり,α型からは直径8~13μのα運動繊維が,γ型からは3~8μのγ運動繊維が出る。α運動繊維の信号は筋肉の収縮をおこし,γ運動繊維は筋肉内にある筋紡錘と呼ばれる張力受容器に送られ,そこで封内筋と呼ばれる特殊な筋繊維を支配する。…

※「α運動ニューロン」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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