…Following this spectacular start of the space observation era, numerous scientific satellites have been launched, mainly by the United States and the Soviet Union. These include the US's OSO (short for orbiting solar observatory), the OGO (orbiting geophysical observatory) for geophysical research, the OAO (orbiting astronomical observatory) for astronomical observation, the HEAO (high energy astronomy observatory) for high energy research, and the Soviet Cosmos, Electron, Proton, and Prognoz. In addition, the two countries' space stations, Skylab, and Salyut, have also conducted numerous scientific observations, including solar observations. Meanwhile, in addition to these observations around the Earth, exploration of the planets in the solar system has also been carried out by the US's Pioneer and Mariner, and the Soviet Union's Mars and Venera, with the Viking and Voyager missions being particularly well-known in recent years. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "orbiting geophysical observatory" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この華々しい宇宙観測時代の開幕に引き続き,現在までに米ソを中心として無数の科学衛星が打ち上げられてきた。アメリカの太陽観測衛星OSO(オソ)(orbiting solar observatoryの略),地球物理研究用のOGO(オゴ)(orbiting geophysical observatory),天体観測衛星OAO(orbiting astronomical observatory),高エネルギー研究用のHEAO(high energy astronomy observatory),ソ連のコスモス,エレクトロン,プロトン,プログノズなどがこれであり,また両国の宇宙ステーション,スカイラブ,サリュート上でも太陽観測などの数々の科学観測が行われた。一方,これらの地球周辺での観測に対してアメリカのパイオニア,マリナー,ソ連のマルス,ベネラなどによる太陽系諸惑星の探査も進められてきており,近年のバイキング,ボエジャー計画はとくに有名である。… ※「orbiting geophysical observatory」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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