Spiny dogfish - North Pacific spiny dogfish

Japanese: アブラツノザメ - あぶらつのざめ(英語表記)North Pacific spiny dogfish
Spiny dogfish - North Pacific spiny dogfish

The name of a species of the Squalus genus in the family Squalidae of the order Squaliniformes. It is also called the spiny dogfish. Traditionally, the species of the Squalus genus with white spots on its body was called S. acanthias (English name: spiny dogfish), and it was thought that this species was distributed throughout the world, but in 2010 it was discovered that the population in the North Pacific is a different species, S. suckleyi . Therefore, the scientific name of the spiny dogfish in the North Pacific is S. suckleyi .

This species has strong swimming ability and performs a large north-south migration, starting from the Sea of ​​Japan and Tohoku region in spring and reaching the Kuril Islands and Karafuto (Sakhalin) in autumn. In one extreme example of migration, a fish was recorded crossing 7,200 km from the coast of Washington State in the United States to the coast of Tohoku region in Japan in seven years. The reproductive method is yolk-dependent viviparity, and the gestation period is very long, just under two years. The birthing area in the seas near Japan is said to be south of Aomori Prefecture on the Sea of ​​Japan side, and off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture on the Pacific side. The birthing season is from January to May, and about ten young with a total length of 20 to 25 centimeters are born at a time. Males mature at 75 centimeters, and females at just under 1 meter. They can reach a maximum length of 1.5 meters and 9.1 kilograms. In Japan, they were caught in large quantities in the 1940s to collect vitamin A, and the resource volume decreased significantly, but since around 2000, the resource has been recovering. In the United States, this species causes a lot of damage to useful fish and shellfish, and is treated as a pest. In Japan, it is caught using bottom trawls, longlines, and bottom gill nets, with the main fishing grounds being the waters around Hokkaido and the Tohoku region. It is used as an ingredient in fish paste products, and is delicious when eaten fresh in vinegared miso sauce. It is listed as Least Concern (LC) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (as of September 2021).

[Kazuhiro Nakatani October 20, 2021]

[Reference] | Sharks | Skull shark
Major types of sharks (3) [specimen illustrations]
© Tadaaki Ohkata ">

Major types of sharks (3) [specimen illustrations]


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

軟骨魚綱ツノザメ目ツノザメ科ツノザメ属の1種の名称。アブラザメともよばれる。従来、ツノザメ属Squalusのうち、体に白点をもつ種はS. acanthias(英名spiny dogfish)とよばれ、この種が全世界に分布すると考えられてきたが、2010年に北太平洋の個体群は別種S. suckleyiであることが判明した。したがって、北太平洋のアブラツノザメの学名はS. suckleyiとなる。

 本種は遊泳力が強く、大きな南北回遊を行い、春に日本海や東北地方から北上を開始し、秋には千島(ちしま)列島や樺太(からふと)(サハリン)に達する。極端な回遊の例としては、アメリカのワシントン州沿岸から日本の東北地方沿岸まで7200キロメートルを7年で横断した記録がある。生殖方法は卵黄依存型の胎生で、妊娠期間は2年弱と非常に長い。日本近海の分娩(ぶんべん)海域は、日本海側では青森県以南、太平洋側では宮城県から茨城県の沖合いであるといわれている。分娩期は1~5月で、全長20~25センチメートルの子を、一度に10尾内外産む。雄は75センチメートル、雌は1メートル弱で成熟する。最大で1.5メートル、9.1キログラムに達する。日本では1940年代に、ビタミンAを採取するため大量に漁獲され、資源量が著しく減少したが、2000年ころからは資源が回復してきている。アメリカでは本種による有用魚貝類への被害が多く、むしろ害魚として扱われている。日本では底引網、延縄(はえなわ)、底刺網(そこさしあみ)などで漁獲され、その主要な漁場は北海道、東北地方周辺の海域である。練り製品の原料とされるほか、鮮魚として酢みそなどにすると美味である。国際自然保護連合(IUCN)のレッド・リストでは、低懸念(LC)とされている(2021年9月時点)。

[仲谷一宏 2021年10月20日]

[参照項目] | サメ | ツノザメ
サメのおもな種類(3)〔標本画〕
©大片忠明">

サメのおもな種類(3)〔標本画〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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