He was the fifth king (Amir) of the Barakzai dynasty (1819-1946) of Afghanistan. He was the grandson of the founder, Dost Muhammad. After losing a power struggle with his uncle, the second Amir, Sher Ali, and his son, the fourth Amir, Yaqub, he fled to Samarkand and became the Russian governor of Tashkent. After Sher Ali's defeat in the Second Afghan War and Yaqub's downfall, he became the Amir of Kabul with the backing of the British (1880). His greatest achievements were putting down domestic riots, tentatively establishing borders with Russia (1888) and India (1893), and building the foundations of present-day Afghanistan. [Kousuke Shimizu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフガニスタンのバーラクザイ朝(1819~1946)の第5代王(アミール)。創始者ドースト・ムハンマドの孫。叔父で第2代アミールのシェール・アリー、その子で第4代アミールのヤークーブとの権力闘争に敗れ、サマルカンドへ逃亡、タシケントのロシア総督となる。第二次アフガン戦争でのシェール・アリーの敗北、ヤークーブの失脚後、イギリスの後押しで、カブールのアミールとなった(1880)。国内の暴動を鎮圧し、対ロシア(1888)、対インド(1893)の国境をいちおう画定し、今日のアフガニスタンの基礎を築いたことが、その最大の業績である。 [清水宏祐] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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