Akashi Kakuichi

Japanese: 明石覚一 - あかしかくいち

[Born] Around 1300
[Died] Kentoku 2 = Oan 4 (1371)
The founder of the Heike revival. He was a monk of Shoshazan in Harima, but he lost his sight in middle age and converted to the Heike school (Seikai Yotekishu). He was a relative of Ashikaga Takauji and held the lordship of Akashi in Banshu, so he took the surname Akashi and was called Akashi Kakuichi (Kakuto) Kengyo. He was a disciple of Nyoichi, who is considered to be the same person as Joichi, the grandson (or direct disciple) of Seibutsu, the founder of Heike, and it is recorded that he was awarded a clean copy of the Kumoi book of the Tale of the Heike by the emperor (Todoyoshu) due to his excellent skills (Tōdōyōshū). In the 21st volume of the Taiheiki, "The Story of the Slanderous Death of Enya Hangan," it is written that the performance by Kakuichi Kengyo and Shinichi Kengyo of the part of the Tale of the Heike in which Minamoto no Sanmi Yorimasa (→Minamoto no Yorimasa) slays a Nue and is given a Shobu no Mae as a reward, deeply moved Takanori Moronao and the other people gathered there. He laid the foundation for the subsequent prosperity of Heike music, leaving behind "Kakuichibon," which revised the lyrics and melody of the existing Tale of the Heike. He also became the first shokukengyo (general inspector), and is said to have established and supervised the official ranks of Kengyo, Koto, and Zato of the Todo-za, an autonomous organization of blind people who performed Heike music. He was given a residence for his craftsmanship, and it was named Seijuan after Kakuichi's residence. Ichikata showed a force that overwhelmed the Jokata, and for this reason, he is also considered the founder of the Ichikata school together with his teacher Nyoitsu.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]正安1 (1300)頃
[没]建徳2＝応安4 (1371)
平曲中興の祖。播磨書写山の僧で中年時に失明し，平曲家に転向したという（『西海余滴集』）。足利尊氏の縁者で播州明石を知行していたので明石の姓を名のり，明石覚一（覚都）検校と呼ばれた。平曲の始祖生仏の孫弟子（あるいは直弟子）城一と同一人物ともみなされている如一の弟子で，その優れた技により帝（みかど）から，『平家物語』のうち，清書本という雲井の書を賜ったと記されている（『当道要集』）。『太平記』巻21「塩冶判官讒死の事」には，覚一検校と真一検校による『平家物語』の源三位頼政（→源頼政）が鵺（ぬえ）を退治し，褒美に菖蒲の前を賜る段の演奏に，高師直はじめ居並ぶ人々をいたく感動させたとある。在来の平家物語の詞章，曲節に改訂を加えた『覚一本』を残すなど，以後の平曲隆盛の礎を築いた。また初代の職検校（総検校）となり，平曲を演奏する盲人の自治組織である当道座の検校，勾当，座頭といった官位を整備し，統轄したといわれる。職屋敷を賜り，覚一の住居にちなみ清聚庵と呼ばれた。一方（いちかた）は城方（じょうかた）を圧する勢いを示し，そのため師の如一とともに一方流の開祖ともされる。

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