Akagari (English spelling) red hunting

Japanese: 赤狩り - あかがり(英語表記)red hunting
Akagari (English spelling) red hunting

The social banishment of communists and progressive liberals. The origin of this word comes from the witch-hunt that took place in late medieval Europe. The history of the Red Scare in the United States is well known, and since the 19th century, various forms of persecution have been inflicted on socialist movements for being "un-American." In particular, during and after World War I, due to the sense of crisis over the Russian Revolution, Attorney General Palmer implemented a large-scale crackdown on communists as well as anarchists and labor movement leaders. Later, during World War II, restrictions on communist activities were strengthened through the Alien Registration Act of 1940, and after the war, the Red Scare became more active when the House of Representatives established a permanent committee on Un-American Activities. It reached a peak with the emergence of McCarthyism, and the suppression of freedom progressed in the name of protecting freedom. In Japan, before the war, the Peace Preservation Law and other laws severely oppressed not only socialist movements but also liberals.

[Shinichi Sato]

[References] | McCarthyism | Red Purge

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

共産主義者や進歩的自由主義者を社会的に追放すること。このことばの語源は、中世末期のヨーロッパにおいて行われた魔女狩りwitch-huntにある。アメリカ合衆国における赤狩りの歴史は有名で、19世紀以来、社会主義運動に対し「非アメリカ的」であるという理由でさまざまな迫害が加えられた。とくに第一次世界大戦中から戦後にかけて、ロシア革命への危機感などから、パーマー司法長官のもとで、共産主義者はもとより無政府主義者や労働運動指導者に対する大々的な取締りが実行された。その後、第二次世界大戦中に、1940年の外国人登録法などによって共産主義活動への規制が強化され、戦後、下院に非米活動委員会が常設されるに及んで赤狩りは活発化した。そしてマッカーシズムの出現で一つのピークを迎え、自由の擁護の名のもとに自由の抑圧が進行した。なお日本では、戦前、治安維持法などにより、社会主義運動のみならず自由主義者に対しても激しい弾圧が加えられた。

[佐藤信一]

[参照項目] | マッカーシズム | レッド・パージ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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