Chemical potential

Japanese: 化学ポテンシャル - かがくぽてんしゃる(英語表記)chemical potential
Chemical potential

When a certain chemical species i (simple substance or compound) exists in a mixture, the free energy (Gibbs free energy) per mole of that chemical species is called the chemical potential μ i . In a pure system with only one chemical species, the free energy per mole of a certain chemical species can be calculated by dividing the free energy of the system by the number of moles, but in the case of a mixture,
μ i =(∂ G /∂ N i ) T , p , Nj ( ji )
In other words, when a small amount of chemical species i ( dN i moles) is added to a mixture under constant temperature T and pressure p , the free energy increase dG is calculated using this formula. Since G is the mass variable, the free energy of a mixture is given by

The chemical potential is the free energy of a chemical species when it is in a mixture, and is therefore used in the treatment of chemical equilibrium.

[Toda Genjiro]

[Reference] | Gibbs | Free Energy | Mole

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ある化学種i(単体または化合物)が混合物中に存在するとき、その化学種1モル当りの自由エネルギー(ギブス自由エネルギー)を化学ポテンシャルμiという。ある化学種の1モル当りの自由エネルギーは、化学種が1種類だけの純粋な系では、その系の自由エネルギーをそのモル数で割れば求められるが、混合物の場合には、
  μi=(∂G/∂Ni)T,p,Nj  (ji)
により求められる。すなわち、温度T、圧力pが一定の下で、混合物にその化学種iを微少量dNi モル加えたときの自由エネルギー増加 dGから、この式によって求められるのである。混合物の自由エネルギーは、Gが質量変数であるので、

となり、それぞれの化学種の自由エネルギーの合計()となる。このように化学ポテンシャルは、ある化学種が混合物中にあるときの自由エネルギーなので、化学平衡などの取扱いに用いられる。

[戸田源治郎]

[参照項目] | ギブス | 自由エネルギー | モル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Artists' Union - Gakakumiai

>>:  Chemical equation

Recommend

Ingen - Beans

A Chinese Ming Dynasty Zen monk who came to Japan...

Klausenburg

…Its current official name is Cluj-Napoca. Its Hu...

Aircraft insurance - Kitaihoken

…The most common type of insurance is aircraft in...

Greetings - Greetings

It is a formal, almost ritualistic interaction th...

"Principles of Painting" - Gahokouryō

…Kuwayama Gyokushu’s Gyokushu Painting Style (179...

Enforcement

〘Noun〙 ("Se" is the Go-on pronunciation ...

Verification

…This is called a (criminal) conspiracy. In Germa...

Mering, J.

…It is also called diethylbarbituric acid, and is...

Ferreira, A. (English spelling) FerreiraA

… The history of the Portuguese theatre is not pa...

One house - Kataya

〘Noun〙① A roof made so that rainwater falls more o...

Sumitomo Zaibatsu

One of the three major zaibatsu before the war. B...

Minobu [town] - Minobu

A town in Minamikoma District in southwest Yamanas...

Etsu (Japanese tapertail anchovy) - Etsu (English spelling)

A fish of the genus Grenatfish in the family Engra...

Virgin Birth - Shojo Kaitai

In comparative religion, it does not refer to a w...

American quail - American quail

…In the past, the common mantis shrimp F. pintade...