(■1) Chemical money - Aikasen

Japanese: (■1)化銭 - あいかせん
(■1) Chemical money - Aikasen


[Economics of Money]

[Definition and Function of Money]
Money is usually defined as having the following three functions: (1) as a means of settlement (a means of payment), (2) as a measure of value, and (3) as a means of storing value. Money's function as a means of settlement means that the settlement of various economic transactions that take place widely in society is carried out through the transfer of money. Money's function as a measure of value means that it makes it possible to uniformly express the exchange rates of various goods and services traded by expressing their prices in monetary units, such as yen or dollars.

From 【Copper Coins】

…In the midst of this trend, the Yan state, whose territory was centered around the northern part of present-day Hebei Province, issued Mingzi Yen coins (Mingdao coins) by separating the handle ring of the old sword coins and inscribing the Ming character and handle pattern that were engraved on the surface of the coin to the right and left of the central square hole. This style of Mingdao coins was soon adopted by the neighboring state of Qi to the south, and they created the Aikasen coins. Eventually, this style of square hole yen coins was also adopted by the Qin state in the west, and the half-liang coins were created. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "(■1) Kasen" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【貨幣の経済学】

[貨幣の定義・機能]
 貨幣とは,通常次の三つの機能を果たすものと定義される。すなわち,(1)決済手段(支払手段)としての機能,(2)価値尺度としての機能,(3)価値貯蔵手段としての機能である。貨幣の決済手段としての機能とは,広く社会で行われるさまざまの経済取引に際し,その取引の決済が貨幣の移転を通じてなされることを意味している。また,価値尺度としての貨幣の機能とは,取引される多様な財・サービスの価格を貨幣の単位,たとえば円やドルで表示することによって,それらの財・サービスの交換比率を統一的に表現することを可能としていることを示している。…

【銅銭】より

…この趨勢の中で現在の河北省北部を中心とした領域をもった燕国では旧来の刀貨の柄環部を独立させて,その表面に刃部に刻まれていた明字と柄部の紋を中央の方孔のそれぞれ右左に刻む明字円銭(明刀銭)が発行された。この明刀銭の形式はまもなく南隣の斉国に受容され,化銭(あいかせん)が作られる。やがてこの方孔円銭の様式は西方の秦にも採用され,半両銭が作られる。…

※「(■1)化銭」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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