In reading Chinese classics in Japanese, when the order of Chinese characters differs from that of Japanese, this is a mark that indicates that the original text should be read in the reverse order from bottom to top (reverse reading). It is also called a reverse reading mark. Currently, there are the following: (1) Reten (Kariganeten) - Used when returning immediately from the character below to the character above. (2) One and two dots - used to return from bottom to top, separating two or more characters, and three and four dots can also be used if necessary. (3) Upper (middle) and lower dots - used when turning with the first and second dots in between. (4) A, B, C, and D marks: Used when (3) is insufficient. (5) Heaven, Earth, and Human Points - (4) are also used in the case of shortage. Examples of kaeriten have been found since the beginning of the use of kunten in Japan, with the oldest example being one recorded in the Kegonkyo Kanjoki in 788 (Enryaku 7). In addition, ganten began to be used at the end of the 12th century, and their form has changed over time. [Masayuki Tsukimoto] "Changes in Writing Methods" by Yoshinori Kobayashi (included in Modern Writing Course 6: Characters and Writing, 1977, Meiji Shoin) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
漢文訓読において、漢文の字の順序が日本語と相違する場合、原文の字順とは逆に下から上へ返って読むこと(返読)を示す符号。返読符ともいう。現在では次のようなものがある。 (1)レ点(雁点(かりがねてん))―下の字からただちに上の字に返る際に用いる。 (2)一・二点―2字以上を隔てて下から上へ返るのに用い、必要に応じて三・四なども使う。 (3)上(・中)・下点―一・二点を中に挟んで返る際に用いる。 (4)甲・乙・丙・丁点―(3)で不足のときに用いる。 (5)天・地・人点―(4)でも不足の際に使う。 返り点は、わが国で訓点を記入するようになった当初から実例があり、最古の例は『華厳経刊定記(けごんきょうかんじょうき)』に記入された788年(延暦7)のものである。また、雁点は12世紀末から使用され始め、その形態は時代により変遷があった。 [月本雅幸] 『小林芳規著「表記法の変遷」(『現代作文講座6 文字と表記』所収・1977・明治書院)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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