Al-Qayrawān (English spelling)

Japanese: カイラワーン（英語表記）Al-Qayrawān

It is the capital of Kairawan Governorate in central Tunisia. It is located about 120 km south of the capital Tunis and is famous as an Islamic holy site. In 670, Uqba ibn Nafi, the Umayyad governor of Ifriqiya (west of present-day Tunisia), built a military city on the ruins of a Byzantine fortress. After the Arab conquest of North Africa was systematically carried out, it served as the seat of the governorate of North Africa and as a base for external development. From around 800, it became the capital of the Aghlabid dynasty, and once welcomed an envoy from Charles the Great of the Frankish Kingdom. During the Fatimid period (916), it was abandoned and Mahdia was made the capital, but it became the capital again during the following Sanhaja dynasty, and flourished until it was abandoned in 1057 when it was invaded by the Hilal tribes. Since then, the town has maintained its position as a religious center, and the city has developed around the Great Mosque of Sidi Oquba (→Qairwan Mosque), which has a 35m-high minaret, the Mosque of the Three Doors, and the Mosque of Sand. The town is also famous for its 9th-century large reservoir with a diameter of 140m. Today, it is a market for grain and livestock, and a center for the production of traditional carpets and handicrafts. In 1988, it was registered as a cultural heritage of the World Heritage Sites. Population: 92,690 (1989 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

チュニジア中部，カイラワーン県の県都。首都チュニスの南方約 120kmにあり，イスラム教の聖地として有名。 670年，ウマイヤ朝のイフリーキヤ (現チュニジア以西) 総督ウクバ・イブン・ナーフィーがビザンチン帝国の要塞跡に軍事都市を建設。アラブによる北アフリカ征服が組織的に遂行され，以後北アフリカの総督府の所在地として，また対外発展の基地としての役割を果した。 800年頃からアグラブ朝の都となり，フランク王国のカルル大帝の使節を迎えたこともある。ファーティマ朝の時代 (916) にはここが放棄され，マフディーアを首都としたが，次のサンハージャ朝の時代にはまた都となり，1057年のヒラル族の侵入によって破棄されるまで栄えた。その後も信仰の中心地としての地位を保ち，町は高さ 35mのミナレットをもつシディオクバの大モスク (→カイラワーンのモスク ) や，「3つの扉のモスク」「砂のモスク」を中心に発達している。9世紀の 140mの直径をもつ大貯水池も有名。現在は穀物や家畜の市場で，伝統的な絨毯や手工芸品製作の中心地でもある。 1988年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。人口9万 2690 (1989推計) 。

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