The name of the serial interface standard that connects a PC to various peripheral devices. It is an abbreviation of Universal Serial Bus. Peripheral devices such as mice, modems, keyboards, displays, scanners, printers, and digital cameras can be connected and disconnected while the PC is turned on, and up to 127 devices can be connected in a tree structure by using a hub (a concentrator). The first standard, USB 1.0, was jointly announced in 1996 by seven companies including Intel and Microsoft, and had a data transfer speed of 1.5 or 12 megabits per second. Until then, there were many inconveniences when connecting a PC to a peripheral device, such as inconsistent connectors, different data transfer methods and transfer speeds, and the need to turn the PC off and on again, but USB was a revolutionary product that solved these problems. Furthermore, the addition of standard device driver software for USB to Windows 98 led to the spread of PCs and peripheral devices with USB interfaces. Subsequently, USB 1.1, an improved version of USB 1.0, was announced in 1998, and USB 2.0, a higher-level standard, was announced in 2000. USB 2.0 had a maximum transfer speed of 480 megabits per second, 40 times faster than USB 1.1. In 2008, USB 3.0 was released with a maximum transfer speed of 5 gigabits per second, and in 2013, USB 3.1 with a maximum transfer speed of 10 gigabits was released, but USB 3.1 maintains compatibility with lower standards such as USB 2.0 and USB 3.0. [Michinori Iwata] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
パソコン本体と、各種周辺機器とを結ぶシリアル・インターフェースの規格名。ユニバーサル・シリアル・バスUniversal Serial Busの略。パソコンの電源を入れたままマウス、モデム、キーボード、ディスプレー、スキャナー、プリンター、デジタルカメラなどの周辺機器の接続、取り外しができ、ハブ(集線装置)を用いると最大127台までツリー状に接続できる。アメリカのインテル、マイクロソフトなど7社が1996年に共同発表した最初の規格はUSB1.0で、データの転送速度は毎秒1.5メガビットまたは12メガビットであった。それまで、パソコンと周辺機器をつなぐ場合、コネクターが不統一、それぞれデータの転送方式・転送速度が違う、パソコンの電源の入れ直しが必要、など不便な点が多かったが、USBはこれらが解消される画期的なものであった。さらに、Windows(ウィンドウズ) 98にUSB用標準デバイスドライバソフトを加えたため、USBインターフェースを備えたパソコンや周辺機器が普及した。その後、1998年にはUSB1.0の改良版USB1.1が、2000年には上位規格であるUSB2.0が発表された。USB2.0は、最大毎秒480メガビットの転送速度があり、USB1.1の40倍の高速を実現した。また、2008年には転送速度が最大毎秒5ギガビットのUSB3.0、2013年には10ギガビットのUSB3.1が発表されたが、USB3.1は、下位規格のUSB2.0、USB3.0などとの互換性が保たれている。 [岩田倫典] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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