tyaglo

...The serfs in central Russia, under such strict rule, formed rural communities (mirs, opshchinas) and carried out various activities. The duties and land imposed by collective responsibility were equally distributed among units (tyaglos, couples registered in the census) based on labor and ability to pay, and they were periodically replaced, cultivated jointly, and engaged in mutual aid activities. Such autonomous communities were a place for the serfs to live together and a place of solidarity to protect their interests, but on the other hand, they also became a tool for the feudal lords to control the serfs.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "tyaglo" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ロシア中央部の農奴は，このように厳しい支配の下で農村共同体(ミール，オプシチナ)をもち，さまざまな活動を行っていた。連帯責任で賦課される義務および土地を労働力，支払能力を単位(何組かの夫妻であるチャグロtyaglo，人口調査登録農)として均等に配分し，それを定期的に割り替え，共同耕作，互助活動を行っていた。そうした自治的な共同体は，農奴の共同の生活の場であり，自分たちの利益を守る連帯の場であったが，他方，領主の農奴支配の道具ともなった。…

※「tyaglo」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報