Needham, JT

Japanese: Needham,J.T.(英語表記)NeedhamJT
Needham, JT

... In the 18th century, the controversy over spontaneous generation resurfaced. JT Needham (1713-81) presented experiments showing the existence of spontaneous generation in the newly discovered microorganisms, and argued fiercely with L. Spallanzani, who opposed it. This controversy was also linked to the debate over pre- and epigenesis in embryology, and the conflict over the fixity versus mutability of species. ...

From [Brownian motion]

…When viewed under a microscope, they are seen to be twitching and vibrating vigorously. It is said that this movement was first observed by the Englishman John Tuberville Needham (1713-81) in 1740, and at the time it was thought that these moving particles were equivalent to animal sperm. Later, in 1826, the English botanist R. Brown attempted to investigate the movement of these moving particles more closely, also motivated by research into plant fertilization. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Needham, JT" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 18世紀に入ると自然発生に関する論争が再び起こった。ニーダムJ.T.Needham(1713‐81)は,当時新たに顕微鏡で発見された微生物の領域で自然発生があることを示す実験を提示し,それに反対するL.スパランツァーニと激しく論争した。この論争は,発生学における前成説と後成説の論争や生物種の固定説対可変説という対立にも結びついていた。…

【ブラウン運動】より

…それを顕微鏡で見ると,ぴりぴり,ぶるぶると活発に動きまわっている。この運動を初めて観察したのはイギリスのニーダムJohn Tuberville Needham(1713‐81)で,1740年のことといわれているが,当時はこの動く微粒子が動物の精子にあたるのだろうと考えられていた。その後,1826年になって,イギリスの植物学者R.ブラウンがこの動く微粒子の運動をもっとよく調べようとした動機も,植物の受精の研究だった。…

※「Needham,J.T.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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