Parish

Japanese: parish
Parish

…In Japan, the word “kyochi” (diocese) is used as a translation of two different words, “parish” and “diocese,” which can be a little confusing. In the following, I will explain by translating “parish” as “kyochi” and “diocese” as “bishopric” or “diocese.” …

From [Local Government]

...Regardless of this point, in what follows we will examine the differences between the two types of local government by taking an overview of the history of local government in the United Kingdom and the United States, which belong to the Anglo-Saxon type, and France and Germany, which belong to the continental type.
[Anglo-Saxon model of local government]
Since the Middle Ages, England has had a variety of local communities, such as boroughs, counties, parishes, and towns. A borough was a self-governing city that enjoyed privileges under a charter issued by the king or feudal lords.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "parish" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…日本で教区という語は,パリッシュparishとダイオセスdioceseという二つの異なる語の訳語として用いられ,やや混乱している。以下パリッシュを教区,ダイオセスを主教区あるいは司教区と訳し分けて説明を加えよう。…

【地方自治】より

…この点はともあれ,以下では,アングロ・サクソン型に属するイギリスとアメリカ合衆国,ならびに大陸型に属するフランスとドイツの地方自治の歴史を概観することによって,両類型の差異を検討してみることにしよう。
[アングロ・サクソン型の地方自治]
 イギリスには,中世以来,バラborough,カウンティcounty,パリッシュparish(教区),タウンtownといった多様な地域社会が存在した。バラは王ないし封建諸侯が発した憲章によって特権を享受していた自治都市である。…

※「parish」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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