…Lysosomes contain more than 25 known enzymes, including acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, cathepsin, arylsulfatase, and β-glucuronidase, and the optimum pH for most of these is in the acidic range. They have the ability to orderly break down the main biological substances, proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids, into small molecules, and break down substances that have been taken up by the phagosome from outside the cell through phagocytosis. When the substances are part of the cell itself, they are surrounded by a membrane and become an autophagosome (self-eating vacuole) and break them down. Lysosomes can be broadly divided into primary lysosomes and secondary lysosomes based on their morphology and function. … *Some terminology explanations that mention "phagosome" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…リソソーム内に含まれる酵素は,酸性ホスファターゼ,リボヌクレアーゼ,デオキシリボヌクレアーゼ,カテプシン,アリールスルファターゼ,β‐グルクロニダーゼなど25種以上知られており,その大部分の最適pHは酸性域である。生体物質のおもなもの,タンパク質,核酸,多糖類,脂質を順序よく分解し小分子にする能力があり,細胞外からは食作用によってファゴソームphagosomeを取り込んだ物質を分解し,細胞自身の一部であるときは膜で取り囲んでオートファゴソームautophagosome(自食胞)になって分解する働きをもつ。リソソームは,形態と機能の上から,一次リソソームと二次リソソームに大別できる。… ※「phagosome」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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