prison

…After independence, imprisonment with hard labor was replaced by the death penalty, and the Walnut Street Jail, which opened in 1873, began incarcerating felons in 1889. The following year, more cells for felons were added, and the jail became known as a penitentiary. Other states also replaced imprisonment with the death penalty, but the increase in the number of inmates made the existing local jails insufficient, and state prisons were built one after another from the 18th to the 19th century. In Pennsylvania, the West Penal Colony was opened in 1828, followed by the East Penal Colony the following year, and their solitary confinement system, known as the Pennsylvania System (or Philadelphia System), attracted the attention of other states. …

*Some terms that mention "prison" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…独立後，重労働を伴う拘禁刑が死刑にかえられることとなり，73年開設のウォルナット街ジェイルは，89年から重罪囚の拘禁を始め，翌年の重罪者用居房の増設もあって，懲治監penitentiaryとして知られるようになった。他の諸州でも自由刑が死刑に代わったが，収容者の増加により従来の地方監獄jailでは不十分となり，18世紀から19世紀にかけて州立刑務所prisonの建設が相次いだ。ペンシルベニアでも1818年のものにつづいて28年に西懲治監，翌年に東懲治監が開設され，その独房方式はペンシルベニア制(ないしフィラデルフィア制)として他州の注目をひいた。…

※「prison」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報