separate but equal

...In other words, only unreasonable discrimination that goes against the concept of justice violates the principle of equality. However, because this standard lacks clarity, there is a risk that any discriminatory treatment will be deemed reasonable and constitutional, as shown by the doctrine of "separate but equal," which was once used to justify racial discrimination in the United States. Therefore, discrimination based on race, creed, sex, social status, and family origin, which are particularly mentioned in the Constitution, should not be judged by a simple standard of rationality, and is said to be unconstitutional unless there is a significant reason to justify the discrimination. ...

*Some terminology explanations that mention "separate but equal" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…つまり，正義の観念に反するような不合理な差別のみが平等原則違反となる。ただ，この基準は明確性を欠くため，かつてアメリカで人種差別の正当化に用いられた〈分離すれども平等にseparate but equal〉の法理が示すように，あらゆる差別的取扱いを合理的なものと合憲判断するおそれがある。したがって，とくに憲法のかかげる人種，信条，性別，社会的身分および門地による差別は，たんなる合理性の基準によって判断されるべきではなく，差別を正当化する重大な理由がないかぎり違憲となるといわれる。…

※「separate but equal」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報