War of Austrian Succession

Japanese: オーストリア継承戦争 - おーすとりあけいしょうせんそう
War of Austrian Succession

An international war over the succession to the Austrian throne from 1740 to 1748. It became the catalyst for the rise of the British world dominance and the Prussian-German powers after the 18th century. As the conflict over colonies between the Western powers, especially Britain and France, intensified, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI made efforts to ensure that his eldest daughter Maria Theresa inherited the throne. When Charles died in 1740, Elector of Bavaria Charles Albert claimed his right to inherit. Prussian King Frederick II (the Great) also acknowledged Maria Theresa's succession, but demanded the inheritance of the four Silesian duchies as a condition, and occupied Silesia in the winter of 1740 using a strategy of both peace and war. France also supported Bavaria and allied with Prussia, occupying Prague in November 1741, and the elector became Emperor Charles VII (1697-1745, reigned 1742-45).

Britain supported Austria in its global strategy, and attempted to remove Prussia from the Bourbon Confederation, successfully reaching a secret agreement between Prussia and Austria. When Maria Theresa, who launched a counterattack, gained the upper hand with the help of King George II's dispatch of troops to the continent, Frederick again sent his army to Bohemia, but with the death of Charles VII, he made peace with Dresden in 1745 on the condition that Silesia be secured, and acknowledged Maria Theresa's succession and the election of her husband, Emperor Francis I. Wars continued in various parts of the world after that, but the dispatch of troops by Russia, which had allied with Austria, to the battlefields of the Netherlands became decisive, and the Treaty of Aachen was reached in 1748, bringing the war to an end.

[Makio Shindo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1740~48年のオーストリア王位継承をめぐる国際戦争。18世紀以降、イギリスの世界的優位とプロイセン・ドイツの台頭をもたらす契機となった。植民地をめぐる西欧列強、とくに英仏の対立が激化するなかで、神聖ローマ皇帝カール6世は長女マリア・テレジアへの相続のために努力してきた。1740年カールが没すると、バイエルン選帝侯カール・アルバートはその相続権を主張した。プロイセンのフリードリヒ2世(大王)も、マリア・テレジアの継承を認めながら、その条件としてシュレージエン四公領の相続を要求し、和戦両用の戦略により、40年冬シュレージエンを占領した。フランスもバイエルンを支持してプロイセンと結び、41年11月プラハを占領し、選帝侯は皇帝カール7世Karl Ⅶ(1697―1745、在位1742~45)となった。

 イギリスは、世界戦略のなかでオーストリアを支持し、ブルボン連合からプロイセンの脱落をはかり、プロイセン・オーストリア間の密約に成功する。反撃に転じたマリア・テレジアが、イギリス王ジョージ2世の大陸出兵に助けられて優位にたつと、フリードリヒはふたたびベーメンに軍を進めたが、カール7世の死もあって、1745年シュレージエンの確保を条件にドレスデンに和を結び、マリア・テレジアの相続とその夫皇帝フランツ1世の選立を認めた。その後も世界の各地で戦争は続いたが、ネーデルラントの戦場にオーストリアと結んだロシアの出兵が決定的になって、48年アーヘンの和約となり、戦争は終結した。

[進藤牧郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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