Spitamenes (English spelling)

…The two plots to assassinate the king were the product of the same circumstances. In the spring of 329 BC, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush from south to north and invaded Bactria and Sogdiana. There he faced fierce resistance from the people, supported by the combined efforts of the oasis dwellers and nomads, led by the local nobleman Spitamenēs, and was forced to fight a hard battle for two years. In the autumn of 327 BC, he invaded northwestern India, aiming to reach the eastern coast of the ocean, and defeated the army of King Porus, who had an elephant unit, at the battle of the Hydaspes (Jhelum) River (326 BC). However, his soldiers, tired from the long campaign, refused to advance, and he gave up continuing his eastward advance at the Hyphasis (Beas) River. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Spitamenēs" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…2度にわたる王暗殺の陰謀も同じ状況の産物だった。前329年春ヒンドゥークシュ山脈を南から北に越えてバクトリア，ソグディアナに進攻したアレクサンドロスは，ここで土着豪族のスピタメネスSpitamenēsを指導者とする，オアシス住民と遊牧民との共闘に支えられた民衆の熾烈な抵抗戦に直面し，2年におよぶ苦戦を強いられた。　彼はさらに東の大洋岸への到達を目ざして前327年秋インド北西部に進攻し，象部隊を擁するポロスPōros王の軍をヒュダスペス(ジェルム)河畔の戦(前326)に破るが，長途の征戦に疲れた将兵の前進拒否にあいヒュファシス(ベアス)河畔で東進の継続を断念した。…

※「Spitamenēs」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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