Talcott, A.

Japanese: Talcott,A.(英語表記)TalcottA
Talcott, A.

...A method for determining astronomical latitude. It was invented in 1834 by American A. Talcott (1797-1883). Stars that pass consecutively on the meridian of the observation point and have approximately equal zenith distances from north to south are selected, and the difference in zenith distance between the two stars is measured. If the declination of the southern star is δ s , the zenith distance is Z s , and those of the northern star are δ n and Z n , the desired latitude φ is given by φ = 1/2(δ s + δ n ) + 1/2(Z s - Z n ). Z s - Z n is the difference in the measured zenith distances, which largely eliminates the effect of the shift in the position of the stars due to atmospheric difference, resulting in highly accurate results. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Talcott, A." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…天文緯度を決定する方法の一つ。1834年アメリカのタルコットA.Talcott(1797‐1883)によって考案された。観測点の子午線を続いて通過する恒星で天頂距離が南北にほぼ等しいものを選び,両星の天頂距離の差を測定する。南側の星の赤緯をδs,天頂距離をZs,北側の星のそれをδn,Znとするとき,求める緯度φは, φ=1/2(δs+δn)+1/2(Zs-Zn)で与えられる。Zs-Znが測定した天頂距離の差で,ここで大気差による星の位置のずれの影響が大部分消去され,高精度の結果が得られる。…

※「Talcott,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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