Independent Theatre

Japanese: Independent Theatre(英語表記)IndependentTheatre
Independent Theatre

...At the same time, the idea of ​​a performing group that, with the cooperation of the playwright, had a director at its core, respected the acting ensemble, and attempted to create a three-dimensional form with sets and lighting, was reexamined and recognized as an issue in the theater company system. This free theater movement spread to other countries, with O. Brahm founding the Free Stage Freie Bühne in Berlin in 1889, Jacob Thomas Grein (1862-1935) founding the Independent Theatre in London in 1891, and Stanislavsky and others founding the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. These theaters and theater companies responded to the emergence of modern playwrights such as Ibsen, Strindberg, Shaw, and Chekhov, and created the foundations of the modern theater movement in various countries.

From [Free Theater]

...The second half of the 19th century in France was the heyday of star-centered, commercial, well-made plays, but the Free Theatre was born as a fundamental rebellion against such theater, and under the influence of the prevailing literary trend of the time, Naturalism, with Antoine as its intermediary. This movement and the spirit it contained soon spread to other European countries, and several theaters with the same theatrical spirit (and similar names) were born, such as Otto Bluhm's Free Stage (Germany) and Jacob Thomas Grein's Independent Theatre (England). In a broad sense, the term "Free Theatre Movement" often includes the theatrical movements based around these theaters. In any case, this trend constitutes the core of the rise and development of so-called modern drama, and from this perspective, it is possible to view the Moscow Art Theatre, the Abbey Theatre in Ireland, and even Japan's further offshoot, the Free Theatre, as all part of the same historical trend.

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "Independent Theatre" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…同時に,劇作家の協力を得て,演出家を中核に,演技アンサンブルを尊重し,装置,照明に立体的造形をはかる上演集団のあり方が劇団制の問題として再検討・再認識された。この自由劇場運動は各国に波及し,89年,O.ブラームがベルリンに〈自由舞台Freie Bühne〉を創立,91年,グラインJacob Thomas Grein(1862‐1935)がロンドンに〈独立劇場Independent Theatre〉を創立し,98年にはスタニスラフスキーらが〈モスクワ芸術座〉を創設した。これらはイプセン,ストリンドベリ,ショー,チェーホフらの近代劇作家の登場と呼応し,各国近代劇運動の基礎をつくった劇場,劇団である。…

【自由劇場】より

…19世紀後半のフランスは,商業主義に基づいたスター中心主義,ウェルメード・プレー(いかにも〈お芝居〉らしく巧みに作られた作品)全盛の時代であったが,そのような演劇への根源的レベルでの反抗として,そしてまた,時代の有力な文学上の思潮であった自然主義の影響下に,アントアーヌを一人の媒介者として生まれ出たのがこの自由劇場であった。 この運動とそこに含まれる精神は,すぐにヨーロッパ各国に波及して,オットー・ブラームの〈自由舞台〉(ドイツ),グラインJacob Thomas Grein(1862‐1935)の〈独立劇場Independent Theatre〉(イギリス)など,同様の演劇的精神(とまた類似の名称)をもったいくつかの劇場も生まれたので,広義にはこれらの劇場を拠点とした演劇運動も含めて〈自由劇場運動〉と呼ぶ場合も多い。 いずれにせよ,この流れはいわゆる近代劇の勃興・発展の中核をなすものであり,そのような視座からとらえれば,モスクワ芸術座にせよ,アイルランドのアベー座にせよ,あるいはさらなる派生としての日本の〈自由劇場〉にせよ,すべて同じ一つの歴史的潮流として展望することが可能であろう。…

※「Independent Theatre」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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