High Court

Japanese: High Court(英語表記)HighCourt
High Court

…The Japanese Court of Appeal is said to have inherited the French system, and the current High Court is thought to have maintained this tradition to some extent. In addition, there are cases where foreign courts with names such as High Court are translated into Japanese as 高と護院, but this is not an appropriate translation.
[authority]
In Japan, the following cases are considered to fall under the jurisdiction of the high courts: (1) appeals against first instance judgments handed down by district courts in civil, administrative, and criminal cases; (2) appeals against judgments handed down exceptionally by family courts; (3) appeals against first instance judgments handed down by summary courts in criminal cases; (4) appeals against decisions and orders handed down by district or family courts in civil, criminal, administrative, and family court cases; (5) appeals against decisions and orders handed down by summary courts in criminal cases; (6) appeals from first instance judgments handed down by summary courts in civil cases (there are cases where an appeal is filed directly against the first instance judgment, and cases where an appeal is first filed at a district court, which then renders an appellate judgment, and an appeal is then filed against that judgment); and (7) others.

From the Judge:

…There are no qualifications for the Lord Chancellor, but he is usually appointed from among those who hold the title of barrister. The judges of the House of Lords and the Court of Appeal are appointed by the King on the advice of the Prime Minister, the judges of the High Court are appointed by the King on the advice of the Lord Chancellor, and the other judges are appointed by the Lord Chancellor. These judges can hold office until retirement age, and legally they can be dismissed by resolution of both Houses of Parliament, but there have been no recent cases of this happening. …

*Some of the terminology used in reference to the "High Court" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…日本の控訴院はフランスの方式を継受したものとされ,現在の高等裁判所もその伝統をいくぶんか保っていると考えられる。なお,外国の裁判所で,たとえばHigh Courtなどの名称をもつものが,日本語に訳して高等裁判所と表現されている例も見受けられるが,これは適訳とはいえない。
[権限]
 日本で高等裁判所の裁判権(管轄権)に属すると定められているのは,(1)民事訴訟事件,行政訴訟事件,刑事訴訟事件につき地方裁判所が下した第一審判決に対する控訴,(2)家庭裁判所で例外的に下されることがある判決に対する控訴,(3)刑事訴訟事件につき簡易裁判所が下した第一審判決に対する控訴,(4)民事訴訟事件,刑事訴訟事件,行政訴訟事件,家事審判事件に関し地方裁判所あるいは家庭裁判所が下す決定・命令に対する抗告,(5)刑事事件につき簡易裁判所が下す決定・命令に対する抗告,(6)簡易裁判所が民事訴訟事件につき第一審判決を下した場合の上告(その第一審判決に直接に上告が提起される場合と,まず地方裁判所に控訴を提起して控訴審判決が下され,それに対して上告がなされる場合とがある),(7)その他,がある。…

【裁判官】より

…大法官について,資格の定めはないが,バリスターbarrister―法廷弁護士の称号を有する者の中から,任命されるのが通例である。貴族院House of Lordsおよび控訴院Court of Appealの裁判官は,首相の助言に基づいて国王が任命し,高等法院High Courtの裁判官は,大法官の助言に基づいて国王が任命し,このほかの裁判官は大法官が任命する。これらの裁判官は定年に至るまでその職にとどまることができ,法律上は議会両院の決議によって罷免されることがありうるが,近年はその例はない。…

※「High Court」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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